FT年度人物：他們，影響了世界的2016

01 FT年度人物：他們，影響了世界的2016

英國《金融時報》評選出2016年“FT年度人物”——美國當選總統(tǒng)唐納德·特朗普。入圍該稱號的還有德國總理默克爾、印度總理莫迪、英國前獨立黨領導人法拉奇、軟銀集團的創(chuàng)辦人兼社長孫正義和敘利亞男孩奧姆蘭·達克尼什。

2016 FT年度人物：

Donald Trump/唐納德·特朗普

特朗普誓言，將成為一名打破常規(guī)的總統(tǒng)，不會懼怕任何規(guī)則、機構、甚至憲法原則。若此話當真，民主制度可能遭受無法估量的損害。

It Can't Happen Here was the title of Sinclair Lewis's celebrated 1935 novel about fascism in America.It didn't then, and many well-informed Americans—Republicans and Democrats—believed that the election of Donald Trump wouldn't happen either.

《不可能在這里發(fā)生》是辛克萊爾·劉易斯1935年發(fā)表的關于法西斯主義在美國的著名小說。當時確實沒發(fā)生，而美國的很多有識之士——共和黨和民主黨都有——也曾認為唐納德·特朗普不可能當選。

Then came the night of Mr Trump's triumph.It was one that few with even the faintest political awareness will ever forget.Almost everyone turned out to be wrong—everyone, that is, except the man who apparently lived in a fantasy world.“It is going to be Brexit times five,” Mr Trump said during the campaign.For once he may have been understating things.

接著迎來了特朗普的勝利之夜。那是連最不具備政治意識的人也永遠難忘的少數(shù)幾個重大夜晚之一。幾乎每個人都猜錯了——或者說，除了那位明顯生活在夢幻世界的人以外的所有人?！斑@帶來的影響將是英國退歐的五倍，”特朗普在競選期間曾經(jīng)說道。那一次，他或許低估了事實。

Each circumstance may be unique but they are bound by powerful trends.The biggest is a general revulsion against established politics.Closely related is the collapse in trust for the media—or the Lügenpresse as Mr Trump's alt-right supporters call it, in a reprisal of Hitler's attacks on the “l(fā)ying press”.

這些事件發(fā)生的舞臺或許各不相同，但是它們都被強大趨勢捆綁在一起。最大的趨勢是公眾對建制派政治的普遍反感。與之緊密相連的趨勢是公眾對媒體的信任坍塌——或者像特朗普的另類右翼支持者所稱的“說謊的媒體”(Lügenpresse)，重現(xiàn)了當年希特勒對“說謊的媒體”發(fā)起的攻擊。

A third is a rejection of globalisation.Mr Trump's vow to “put America first” echoes what his European counterparts say about their countries.The older, whiter, non-urban and heavily male coalition that helped to elect him is strikingly similar to populist demographics in Europe.

第三個趨勢是拒絕全球化。特朗普誓言“把美國放在首位”，與他在歐洲的同僚對本國說的話遙相呼應。幫助特朗普勝選的人群——年齡較大、白人男性和非城市居民為主——與歐洲的民粹主義者在人口結構上驚人地相似。

Mr Trump's most extravagant claim was that “I alone can fix it”—by which he meant the “rigged” system of special interests who curry favour with politicians to further their ends.

特朗普最張揚的說法是“只有我才能搞定”(I alone can fix it)——他指的是搞定目前受到特殊利益集團“操縱”的體制，這些利益集團通過拉攏政客來達到自己的目的。

Mr Trump was happy to admit he was one of those special interests, having contributed to both the Democratic and Republican parties during a lifetime of political shape-shifting.He also bragged of having avoided taxes.Yet he vowed to be an iconoclastic president in which no rules, institution or even constitutional principle would be sacred.

特朗普樂于承認他是特殊利益集團之一，在他一生的政治變身中，他為民主黨和共和黨都做過貢獻。他還吹噓過自己的避稅行為。不過，他發(fā)誓將成為一名打破常規(guī)的總統(tǒng)，不會懼怕任何規(guī)則、機構、甚至憲法原則。

If he meant it, the long-term damage to American democracy could be incalculable.Yet the thrice-married Mr Trump is nothing if not nimble.He can alter his stance with the same alacrity as he drops negotiating positions with creditors.The only thread is promotion of the Trump brand.Beyond that, does he have a core philosophy?

如果此話當真，美國的民主制度可能遭受無法估量的長期損害。不過，結過3次婚的特朗普極其滑頭。他可以敏捷地改變立場，就像他在與債權人談判時善于放棄談判立場那樣。唯一不變的主線是推廣特朗普這個品牌。除此之外，他有任何核心理念嗎？

2016 FT年度人物（入圍）：

Angela Merkel/德國總理默克爾

FT年度人物入圍人選之一：有呼聲要求這位德國女總理接過美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬的角色，成為西方世界的領袖。

For German chancellor Angela Merkel, 2016 was another dramatic year that put her centre stage in global affairs and left her facing calls to take over outgoing US President Barack Obama's mantle as the leader of the western world.

對于德國總理安格拉·默克爾而言，2016年又是驚心動魄的一年，她被推上了全球事務的中央舞臺，同時呼聲四起，要求她接過即將離任的美國總統(tǒng)巴拉克·奧巴馬的擔子，成為西方世界的領袖。

While Ms Merkel dismissed such demands as “absurd”, she has recognised that the populist Donald Trump's election to the White House has added to her huge responsibilities.Any thought that, after three terms in power, she might retire at 62 has been swept away: she has decided to stand again in next year's parliamentary elections.

默克爾并不響應這種呼聲，斥之為“荒唐”，但她已經(jīng)意識到，民粹主義者唐納德·特朗普當選美國總統(tǒng)后，她肩上的擔子更重了。人們原本以為，在當了三任總理后，她可能在62歲退休。如今這種想法已經(jīng)煙消云散，因為她已決定明年再次參加議會選舉。

And she has made clear that she has far more than Germany on her mind—pledging to carry on the fight for liberal democracy, free trade and open societies even as rightwing populists are heading in a different direction.This promise alone was enough to make Ms Merkel the FT's Person of the Year for 2015, a leading contender for this year and will almost certainly put her in the running for 2017.

而且她明確表示，她心中所著想的絕不止是德國——她承諾繼續(xù)為自由民主、自由貿(mào)易和開放社會而戰(zhàn)，即便右翼民粹主義者正沖著不同的方向去了。這一承諾就足以讓默克爾成為了英國《金融時報》2015年年度人物、2016年這一稱號的有力爭奪者，也幾乎肯定會讓她在2017年入圍。

2016 FT年度人物（入圍）：

Narendra Modi/印度總理莫迪

FT年度人物入圍人選之二：對這位印度總理來說，突然取消大面值紙幣的舉措無疑是一場政治賭博。

Narendra Modi, the Indian prime minister, rode to power in 2014 with promises to revive economic growth, create jobs for unemployed youth, and find and repatriate money that rich Indians had hidden abroad.Yet change had been incremental.

2014年，印度總理納倫德拉·莫迪帶著對恢復經(jīng)濟增長、為失業(yè)青年創(chuàng)造就業(yè)、以及找到并追回印度富人藏在海外的資金的承諾上臺。不過，改變一直是漸進發(fā)生的。

But on November 8, Mr Modi set off a “big bang” that caught most Indians totally off-guard.In a televised speech, he declared an immediate ban on the use of Rs500 and Rs1,000 notes—86 per cent of India's circulating cash supply—in a highly cash-driven economy and ordered that they be returned to banks by the end of the year.

但在11月8日，莫迪引發(fā)了一場“大爆炸”，讓大多數(shù)印度人完全措手不及。在電視講話中，他宣布立即禁止在高度現(xiàn)金驅(qū)動的印度經(jīng)濟中使用面值為500和1000盧比的紙幣——占印度流通中現(xiàn)金供應量的86%——并且下令在今年年底前把這些紙幣存入銀行。

It is a big political gamble for Mr Modi, who apparently decided on the sweeping step after limited consultations and with minimal preparation.

對莫迪來說，這是一場政治大賭博，他顯然是在有限的磋商和幾乎毫無準備的情況下決定了這項影響極為廣泛的措施。

He is betting the political pay-off for demonstrating tough resolve on black money—and, incidentally, wiping out the cash reserves of his political rivals—will outweigh the economic costs of the acute cash scarcity.Several large state elections early next year will indicate whether he is right.

他在賭，展現(xiàn)自己對打擊黑錢——并順帶清洗掉政治對手的現(xiàn)金儲備——的堅定決心所帶來的政治收益，將超過嚴重現(xiàn)金短缺所帶來的經(jīng)濟成本。明年年初舉行的多個大邦選舉將表明他是否押對了。

2016 FT年度人物（入圍）：

Nigel Farage/英國前獨立黨領導人法拉奇

FT年度人物入圍人選之三：英國獨立黨前領袖推動了退歐運動，如今是歐洲民粹主義運動浪潮的代言人。

Nigel Farage, Eurosceptic scourge of “the political elite”, ended a remarkable 2016 appearing in the most potent and ironic picture of the year: smiling alongside a victorious Donald Trump outside the gold doors of the president-elect's New York apartment.

“政治精英”的克星、疑歐派人士奈杰爾·法拉奇用一張今年最有影響力、也最具諷刺意味的照片，為不尋常的2016年畫上了句號。在這張照片上，他笑著站在贏得了美國大選的唐納德·特朗普旁邊，身后是這位當選總統(tǒng)紐約住宅的金色大門。

Leading Britain out of the EU already qualifies Mr Farage as a politician of huge significance.If Brexit leads to the unravelling of the EU project, historians will regard him as the catalyst and his role in the events of 2016 as a defining moment.

領導英國退出歐盟已經(jīng)讓法拉奇有資格被稱為舉足輕重的政客。如果英國退歐導致歐盟項目瓦解，歷史學家們會將他視為促成這一過程的人，并將他在2016年各項事件中扮演的角色視為一個決定性時刻。

2016 FT年度人物（入圍）：

Masayoshi Son/軟銀集團孫正義

FT年度人物入圍人選之四：一旦看中目標，就迅速出擊，這位韓裔日本人把軟銀打造成了世界互聯(lián)網(wǎng)巨頭。

Masayoshi Son, the risk-addicted billionaire who built Japan's SoftBank into a global internet powerhouse, is a man who moves fast to seize whatever he has set his eyes on.

孫正義一旦看中什么目標，就會迅速出擊。這位愛冒險的億萬富翁把他在日本一手創(chuàng)辦的軟銀(SoftBank)打造成了世界互聯(lián)網(wǎng)巨頭。

Less than a month after Britain voted to leave the EU, Mr Son clinched a deal to acquire UK chip designer Arm Holdings for ￡24.3bn.It was the largest Asian takeover of a British company.But the audacious deal was not enough to satisfy the 59-year-old known as Masa, who enjoys his reputation for having big and crazy ideas.

英國舉行公投決定退出歐盟不到1個月，孫正義就敲定了一項協(xié)議，同意以243億英鎊收購英國芯片設計公司安謀國際(Arm Holdings)，成為亞洲企業(yè)對英國公司最大規(guī)模的收購案。但這筆大膽的交易還滿足不了這位59歲、人稱“Masa”的企業(yè)家。他喜歡人們說他總是有瘋狂的奇思妙想。

After the summer had passed, Mr Son was off to Riyadh to meet Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Saudi Arabia's powerful deputy crown prince, to launch a $100bn technology fund.Armed with fresh funding power, Mr Son was next spotted in New York, forging ties with President-elect Donald Trump with a $50bn pledge to invest in US start-ups.

夏天剛過，孫正義動身前往利雅德，與沙特副王儲、掌握實權的穆罕默德·本·薩勒曼王子會面，目的是發(fā)起設立一只1000億美元的科技基金。攜著新的資金實力，孫正義又現(xiàn)身紐約，與美國當選總統(tǒng)唐納德·特朗普建立了關系，承諾向美國初創(chuàng)企業(yè)投資500億美元。

2016 FT年度人物（入圍）：

Omran Daqneesh/敘利亞男孩奧姆蘭·達克尼什

FT年度人物入圍人選之五：這個5歲的小男孩讓整個世界意識到了它對敘利亞人民所受苦難的麻木不仁。

His tiny legs dangling from the seat of an ambulance, staring numbly and coated in dirt and blood, five-year-old Omran Daqneesh for a brief moment on August 17, 2016 reminded the world of its numbness to the tragedy ripping apart Syria's ancient city of Aleppo—and a war that has shaken the Middle East and sent its shockwaves across the world.

他的小細腿在救護車座椅邊緣耷拉著，眼神呆滯地盯著前方，衣服上沾滿了塵土和鮮血——5歲的奧姆蘭·達克尼什在2016年8月17日的一個瞬間，讓整個世界意識到了它對這場令敘利亞古城阿勒頗支離破碎的悲劇、以及這場撼動了整個中東并影響到世界各地的戰(zhàn)爭的麻木不仁。

Newspapers in Europe and the US spread the image of the small boy, injured and alone, and Omran became the face of a war the world is unable, or unwilling, to stop.After tens of thousands of civilians managed to flee amid intense fighting this month, Omran's whereabouts are currently unknown.

歐洲和美國的報紙紛紛登出了這個遍體鱗傷、形單影只的小男孩的照片，奧姆蘭成了這場世界無法、或不愿阻止的戰(zhàn)爭的縮影。本月，上萬名平民在激烈的交火中逃離阿勒頗，而奧姆蘭目前下落不明。

詞匯總結

demographics [dem?'gr?f?ks]

n.人口結構特征；人口統(tǒng)計資料

The older, whiter, non-urban and heavily male coalition that helped to elect him is strikingly similar to populist demographics in Europe.

幫助特朗普勝選的人群——年齡較大、白人男性和非城市居民為主——與歐洲的民粹主義者在人口結構上驚人地相似。

special interest

特殊利益集團

Mr Trump was happy to admit he was one of those special interests.

特朗普樂于承認他是特殊利益集團之一。

brag [br?g]

v.吹牛，自夸

He also bragged of having avoided taxes.

他還吹噓過自己的避稅行為。

nimble ['n?mb(?)l]

adj.滑頭的；敏捷的；聰明的；敏感的

Yet the thrice-married Mr Trump is nothing if not nimble.

不過，結過3次婚的特朗普極其滑頭。

revive economic growth

恢復經(jīng)濟增長

Narendra Modi, the Indian prime minister, rode to power in 2014 with promises to revive economic growth, create jobs for unemployed youth, and find and repatriate money that rich Indians had hidden abroad.

2014年，印度總理納倫德拉·莫迪帶著對恢復經(jīng)濟增長、為失業(yè)青年創(chuàng)造就業(yè)、以及找到并追回印度富人藏在海外的資金的承諾上臺。

off-guard

措手不及

On November 8, Mr Modi set off a “big bang” that caught most Indians totally off-guard.

在11月8日，莫迪引發(fā)了一場“大爆炸”，讓大多數(shù)印度人完全措手不及。

Eurosceptic [j??r??'skept?k]

n.疑歐派的；歐洲統(tǒng)一懷疑論者

Nigel Farage, Eurosceptic scourge of “the political elite”, ended a remarkable 2016 appearing in the most potent and ironic picture of the year.

“政治精英”的克星、疑歐派人士奈杰爾·法拉奇用一張今年最有影響力、也最具諷刺意味的照片，為不尋常的2016年畫上了句號。