高中語法專練：i. 并列主語的主謂一致
i. 并列主語的主謂一致
1. 主謂一致的三原則
1）語法一致的原則：主語和謂語的數(shù)在語法形式上是一致的。
We all love our parents.
我們都愛我們的父母。
The girl has found her mother.
那個女孩子找到了她的母親。
2）就近原則：謂語動詞與離其最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。
There's a pen and three books on the desk.
課桌上面有一支鋼筆和三本書。
Is either he or you wrong?
是他還是你錯了？
3）意義一致的原則：在意義上主語和謂語動詞的單復數(shù)是保持一致的。
Her family are all model workers.
她全家都是模范工作者。
Three years in a strange place seems like a long time .
在一個陌生的地方呆三年就好像很長時間。
2. 由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。但是，當并列主語指同一人、同一物、同一事情或同一概念時，動詞用單數(shù)形式。
John and Mary are my good friends.
約翰和瑪麗是我的好朋友。（主語是兩個人）
My desk mate and good friend is Henry.
我的同桌和好朋友是亨利。（主語是同一個人）
The hammer and sickle is hanging on the wall.
黨旗掛在墻上。
常見的有：cart and horse, war and peace, needle and thread, coffee and milk, bread and butter, law and order, watch and chain, iron and steel, fork and knife, all work and no play（只工作不娛樂），science and technology, truth and honesty等。
3. 冠詞在并列主語中的用法
1）在“并列修飾語+單數(shù)名詞”結構中，并列主語指同一人或事物時共用一個冠詞，主語為單數(shù)。
The white and black cat is mine.
那只花貓是我的。
The singer and dancer scholar is coming.
那個歌舞家學者要來了。
The scholar and poet stateman is making a speech.
那位學者兼詩人政治家在發(fā)言。
2）and連接兩個帶冠詞的名詞時，主語為復數(shù)，指不同的人或事物。
The singer and the dancer are talking now.
那位歌唱家和那位舞蹈家現(xiàn)在正在談話。
The scholar and the poet are making a speech.
那位學者和那位詩人正在發(fā)言。
4. 當結構是and + not時，謂語與and前的主語一致。
The farmer and not the businessmen is hurt when food price falls.
當食品價格下落時，是農民而不是商人們受到傷害。
The doll and not the building blocks is her favorite toy.
那個洋娃娃而不是積木是她最鐘愛的玩具。
5. 當and連接的并列主語前分別由each, every, no, many a等修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)。但是，當each放并列主語之后作同位語時，謂語不受影響。
Many a boy and (many a) girl has seen the film.
很多男孩和女孩都看過這部電影。
No teacher and no student agrees to have classes on Sundays.
沒有師生同意星期天上課。
At Christmas each boy and each girl is given a present.
在圣誕節(jié)每個孩子都給一份禮物。
The boy and the girl each have a pen.
那個男孩和女孩每人有一支筆。
6. 由both ... and連接兩個并列主語時，謂語用復數(shù)。
Both rice and wheat grow in this part of China.
中國這個地區(qū)生長大米和小麥。
7. 由not only ... but also, not ... but, either ... or, neither ... nor, or連接主語時，謂語的數(shù)根據(jù)就近原則而定。
Not one, but all, of us are hoping to be there.
我們當中不是一個而是所有人都希望到那里。
No students or their teacher was late for school yesterday.
昨天沒有師生上學遲到。
One or two students have been to Shanghai before.
一兩個同學以前去過上海。
8. 在疑問句或主謂倒裝句子中，謂語與前一個主語一致。
Here is his book and pencils.
這是他的書和鉛筆。
Are you or he a student?
是你還是他是學生？
There is one word or two on the blackboard.
黑板上有一兩個單詞。
9. 由疑問副詞并列構成的主語從句，不管疑問詞有多少，謂語一律用單數(shù)。
When and where we should begin our work has not been decided yet.
我們將要在何時何地開始我們的工作還沒有決定。
專項練習
1. Writing stories and poems _______ what I enjoy most.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
2. The factory director and chief engineer _______ an experienced person.
A. is
B. are
C. am
D. was
3. Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade _______ not able to solve the problem.
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. am
4. Neither Jane nor her brothers _______ a consent form for tomorrow's field trip.
A. need
B. needs
C. is needing
D. has need
5. Today there _______ a number of telephone calls from the applications for the position.
A. have been
B. is having
C. has been
D. are to have
6. Many a boy _______ to swim before he can read.
A. learn
B. are learning
C. have learnt
D. learns
7. Not only the whole nation, but the whole Europe, indeed the whole human society _______ to alter its attitude to racial problems.
A. need
B. needs
C. has a need
D. have a need
8. It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he use the tools that _______.
A. make him a scientist
B. made him to be a scientist
C. make him to be scientist
D. makes him a scientist
9. The playwright and director _______ promised to attend our tea party.
A. have
B. has
C. are
D. is
10. The Premier and the Foreign Minister _______ present at the state banquet last night.
A. are
B. was
C. were
D. had a
11. Every policeman and fireman _______ on the alert.
A. have been
B. was
C. are
D. were
12. The linebacker and captain of the team _______ the most valuable player.
A. have been selected
B. has been selected
C. have selected
D. has selected
13. _______ either he or his accountants going to claim for the loss?
A. Are
B. Were
C. Is
D. Does
14. There _______ not only the earth but also eight other planets in the solar system.
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. was
15. Either your teacher or you _______ mistaken.
A. are
B. is
C. has
D. be
16. Not only I but Tom and Mary _______ fond of watching television.
A. am
B. is
C. are
D. be
17. Bacon and scrambled eggs _______ the standard American breakfast.
A. is
B. are
C. is to be
D. are to be
18. When and where to build the new factory _______ yet.
A. has not been decided
B. are to decide
C. has not decided
D. have not decided
19. It is not I but Mr. Green who _______ in charge of the company.
A. is
B. am
C. are
D. will
20. The editor and writer _______ to join our seminar.
A. is to be invited
B. are to be invited
C. is to invite
D. are to invite
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