第24章　語　序 24.5　狀語的位置

24.5　狀語的位置

24.5.1　狀語通常的位置

1) 狀語通常放在謂語后面：

They work energetically. 他們干勁十足地工作。

The train was going fast. 火車在飛馳。

She went straight home. 她直接回家了。

Turn right here. 就在這里拐彎。

2) 若有賓語則放在賓語后面：

She welcomed us warmly. 她熱情地歡迎我們。

You can dial Rome directly. 你可以直接撥電話到羅馬。

He denied the accusation hotly. 他憤怒地否認(rèn)這一指責(zé)。

He led us astray. 他把我們引上了歧路。

3) 在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中狀語可放在過去分詞前面：

Her little daughter is always prettily dressed. 她的小女兒總是打扮得漂漂亮亮的。

He was rightly punished. 他受到應(yīng)得的懲罰。

I was correctly informed. 我獲得了正確的信息。

The boy was seriously injured. 男孩受了重傷。

4) 如果有幾個(gè)時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)狀語，一般小單位在前，大單位在后：

He was born at 9:30 on Thursday May 5th 1998. 他于1998年5月4日星期四九點(diǎn)半出生。

She lives at 109 Cork Street, Monrovia, California. 她住在加州蒙諾維亞柯克街109號(hào)。

24.5.2　狀語放在句首的情況

1) 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，狀語?？梢苑旁诰涫祝?

In union there is strength. 團(tuán)結(jié)就是力量。

After midnight, the party broke up. 午夜之后晚會(huì)散了。

On his return from Europe, he set to work in earnest. 歐洲回來之后他認(rèn)真干了起來。

Gently she put the baby on the bed. 她輕輕地把寶寶放在床上。

2) 疑問副詞及含有疑問詞的狀語都放在句首：

Why haven't you been to see me all this time? 為什么這么長時(shí)間你沒來看我？

How did you enjoy your Spring Festival? 你春節(jié)過得怎樣？

In which year were you born? 你哪年生的？

For what purpose did you invite me to come here? 你請我來這里是什么目的？

3) 句子狀語常放在句首：

Quite honestly, she isn't the sort of person we're looking for. 說實(shí)話，她不是我們在找的那種人。

Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 說也奇怪，他考試竟然真的通過了。

Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. 從你的話里看，他應(yīng)當(dāng)能成功。

In conclusion, I'dlike to say how much I've enjoyed staying here. 最后我想說我在這里過得非常愉快。

4) 與上文有密切聯(lián)系的狀語常放在句首：

He promised to come and sure enough he did. 他答應(yīng)來，果然來了。

It doesn't seem ugly to me;on the contrary, I think it's rather beautiful. 我看它似乎并不丑，相反我認(rèn)為它還相當(dāng)美。

The traffic was very heavy and as a result I arrived late. 路上車很多，結(jié)果我晚到了。

24.5.3　插在主語和謂語之間的狀語

1) 有些副詞可放在主語或謂語之間（a），或主要?jiǎng)釉~或表語前面（b）：

a. She quickly finished the letter. 她迅速把信寫完。

He carefully began to analyze the problem. 他開始仔細(xì)分析這個(gè)問題。

Lester immediately approved of this. 萊斯特立即同意了這個(gè)意見。

Our parents recently celebrated their golden wedding anniversary. 我們的父母最近慶祝了他們的金婚紀(jì)念日。

b. I've only recently begun to learn French. 我最近剛開始學(xué)法語。

We'll just stay in tonight. 我們今晚就留在家里。

The train was already moving. 火車已經(jīng)開動(dòng)了。

She was still weak after the long illness. 久病之后她身子仍然虛弱。

關(guān)于副詞的位置可參閱第15.4.1—15.4.3節(jié)。

2) 由短語或詞組表示的狀語也可放在主語和謂語之間：

This, in brief, is the official view of the trade unions. 總之，這是工會(huì)的正式看法。

Romeo, believing that Juliet was dead, decided to kill himself. 羅密歐以為朱麗葉死了，決定自殺。

Tom, horrified at what he had done, could not say anything. 湯姆對自己的行為感到震驚，什么話也說不出來。

Your suggestion, to be frank, will only get us into trouble. 你的建議，說實(shí)在的，只會(huì)給我們找麻煩。

24.5.4　狀語從句的位置

1) 和其他狀語一樣，多數(shù)狀語從句都放在句子后部（謂語或賓語后面）：

Lanny was worried because he hadn't had any letter from Diana. 萊尼很發(fā)愁因?yàn)樗麤]接到戴安娜的任何來信。

Look before you leap. （諺）三思而后行。

I always keep candles in the house in case there is a power cut. 我在家里總存些蠟燭以防停電。

We'll go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools. 不管能不能找到必要的工具，我們都將繼續(xù)這項(xiàng)工作。

2) 狀語從句有時(shí)也放在主句前（這時(shí)常有一個(gè)逗號(hào)把它和主句分開）：

However cold it is, she always goes swimming. 不管天多冷她都去游泳。

As she sang, tears ran down her cheeks. 她唱著唱著，眼淚順著她的面頰流了下來。

Though times were changed, Bursley was still Bursley. 盡管時(shí)代變了，伯斯利還是伯斯利。

Whether we go or whether we stay, the result is the same. 不管我們是去還是留，結(jié)果都一樣。

3) 在少數(shù)情況下，狀語從句也可插在主語和謂語之間，特別是它比較短時(shí)（例如有詞省略時(shí)）：

Such things, whether you like it or not, do happen from time to time. 這種事情，不管你喜歡與否，總是時(shí)有發(fā)生的。

This view, though understandable, is wrong. 這種看法，盡管可以理解，卻是錯(cuò)誤的。

This thing, if continued, is going to do him irreparable damage. 這件事如果繼續(xù)下去，將給他造成無法挽回的損害。