第25章　省略句 25.1　概說(shuō)

25.1　概　說(shuō)

25.1.1　省略與省略句

1) 為了省事，人們常把某些詞省掉，特別是在口語(yǔ)中：

(I) Thank you. 謝謝你。

(I'm) Glad to see you. 見(jiàn)到你很高興。

How nice (it is)! 多好呀！

Really? 真的嗎？

(You're) Right. （你是）對(duì)的。

這種現(xiàn)象稱為省略（Ellipsis），這種句子稱為省略句（Elliptical Sentences）。

2) 被省略的部分可能是：

a. 主語(yǔ)：

(I) Hope to see you again. 希望再見(jiàn)到你。

(I) Haven't seen you for ages. 好久不見(jiàn)。

(It) Doesn't matter. 沒(méi)關(guān)系。

(It) Serves him right! 他活該！

(I) Just dropped in to ask you a question. 我只是來(lái)問(wèn)你一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

b. 主語(yǔ)和助動(dòng)詞：

(I've) Got to go now. （我）得走了。

(Do you) Want some? （你）要一點(diǎn)嗎？

(Have you) Had your breakfast? 吃早飯了嗎？

(Are you) Going to town? 進(jìn)城去嗎？

(Do you) See what I mean? 懂我的意思嗎？

(Are you) Looking for me? 你找我？

c. 謂語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)的部分：

(Is there) Anything you want to tell me? 有什么事要告訴我嗎？

(Is there) Anything wrong? 有什么地方有問(wèn)題嗎？

(Does) Anybody want to go? 有誰(shuí)要去嗎？

(Are) The students still waiting? 同學(xué)們還在等嗎？

d. 賓語(yǔ)：

Is she back yet? ——I don't know. 她回來(lái)了嗎？ ——我不知道。

Which is better? ——It's hard to tell. 哪一個(gè)比較好？ ——很難說(shuō)。

He's a kind man. "I know." “他是個(gè)好人？”“我知道？”

Where should we go? "I don't care. Anywhere you want." “我們?nèi)ツ睦?？”“我無(wú)所謂，你想去哪就去哪兒？”

3) 有時(shí)句子大部分都省略，只剩下：

a. 表語(yǔ)：

(I'm) Sorry! 對(duì)不起！

Tired? 你累了？

What a pity (it is) you can't come with us! 真遺憾你不能和我們一道去！

Nice you're back. 你回來(lái)了很好。

b. 賓語(yǔ)：

(I beg your) Pardon. 請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f(shuō)一遍。

How many do you want? ——Just one. 你要多少？ ——就一個(gè)。

Sorry, (you've dialed the) wrong number. 對(duì)不起，你撥錯(cuò)號(hào)了。

c. 狀語(yǔ)：

(Come) This way, please. 請(qǐng)往這邊走。

Did you like the film? ——Oh, very much. 這電影你喜歡嗎？ ——啊，很喜歡。

When are you going? ——Tomorrow. 你什么時(shí)候走？ ——明天。

d. 其他：

Are you going to paint it green or red? ——Red, I think. 你打算把它漆成綠色還是紅色？ ——我想漆成紅色。

Is she older than you or younger than you? ——Much younger. 她比你大還是?。?——比我小多了。

(Of) Course that's only a beginning. 當(dāng)然這只是一個(gè)開(kāi)始。

25.1.2　省略句的意思

1) 省略句有時(shí)本身意思很清楚：

I'd help you if I could. 如果我能幫你我會(huì)幫的。

Sounds a good idea. 聽(tīng)起來(lái)是個(gè)好主意。

Got any writing paper? 有信紙嗎？

So delighted to see you. 看到你真高興。

Ready? 準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？

Good! 挺好！

Waiting for the bus? 在等車嗎？

Leaving so soon? 這么快就走？

2) 有時(shí)意思需從上下文中推斷：

I don't want to go. "Why?" “我不想去？”“為什么？”

She opposes the idea. "Does she?" “她反對(duì)這想法？”“是嗎？”

How much did you pay for it? "Twenty dollars." “你付了多少錢？”“20美元？”

Where are you from? "Tianjin." “你是哪兒人？”“天津人？”

When is he arriving? "Tonight." “他什么時(shí)候到？”“今晚？”

I won't accept their terms, never! 我不會(huì)接受他們的條件，絕不會(huì)！

Will they agree to the proposal? "Not likely." “他們會(huì)同意這個(gè)建議嗎？”“不太可能？”

3) 某些描繪性文字（如小說(shuō)、日記、摘要等）中，有時(shí)也有詞省略，但由于有上下文，意思則很清楚：

Then we came to the grasslands. Marshes everywhere. No birds! No trees! No house! Not a soul to be seen! 然后我們來(lái)到草地，到處都是沼澤，沒(méi)有飛鳥(niǎo)！沒(méi)有樹(shù)木！沒(méi)有房舍！荒無(wú)人煙！

Another busy day! Went to work by bike. Witnessed a car accident. Got to my office ten minute late. 又一個(gè)忙碌的日子！騎車上班?？匆?jiàn)一場(chǎng)車禍。到辦公室時(shí)晚了十分鐘。

Born in 1830. Went to a grammar school. Entered Eton. Won several awards during his college days. Became a lawyer in 1860... 1830年出生。上語(yǔ)法學(xué)校。升入伊頓（學(xué)院）。大學(xué)期間獲了幾次獎(jiǎng)。1860年當(dāng)上了律師?

25.1.3　單部句

有些句子，只包含主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一部分，很難說(shuō)什么詞省略，意思卻很清楚，如：

My goodness! 我的老天！

Thanks a lot. 非常感謝！

Away with you! 走開(kāi)！

Out with it! 說(shuō)出來(lái)吧！

No entry. 不得進(jìn)入！

No parking. 禁止泊車！

Down with tyranny! 打倒暴政！

You naughty boy! 你這個(gè)調(diào)皮孩子！

Nonsense! 胡說(shuō)！

這類句子稱為單部句（One-member Sentences）。