第9章　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 9.4　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式

9.4　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式

9.4.1　不定式的被動(dòng)形式

不定式的被動(dòng)形式可用作許多成分，如：

1) 用作賓語(yǔ)：

I must ask to be excused. 我得請(qǐng)求離開(kāi)一會(huì)兒。

She didn't like to be treated as a child. 她不喜把她當(dāng)作小孩。

He begged to be forgiven. 他請(qǐng)求寬恕。

2) 構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)：

She didn't want her son to be taken away. 她不愿意她的兒子被帶走。

I'd like this room to be redecorated. 我想讓這個(gè)房間重新裝飾一下。

He didn't wish the subject to be mentioned in the letter. 他不希望在信里提及這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

3) 用作定語(yǔ)：

There are a lot of things to be discussed. 有很多事要討論。

There was not a soul to be seen in the park. 公園里一個(gè)人也看不見(jiàn)。

She was invited to a garden party to be held that night. 她被邀請(qǐng)參加那天晚上舉行的游園會(huì)。

4) 用作狀語(yǔ)：

She was sent there to be trained for the space flight. 她被派到那里接受太空飛行訓(xùn)練。

They were shipped to America to be sold as slaves. 他們被運(yùn)到美洲賣作奴隸。

He shut himself in the room so as not to be disturbed. 他把自己關(guān)在屋里以免被人打擾。

5) 用作主語(yǔ)：

It's an honour to be invited to the ceremony. 受邀參加典禮很是榮耀。

It's a privilege to be allowed to study here. 獲準(zhǔn)在這里學(xué)習(xí)是難得的榮幸。

What a shame for you three to be treated like that! 你們?nèi)耸艿竭@樣的對(duì)待真不像話！

6) 用作表語(yǔ)：

My only wish is to be allowed to try my method. 我唯一的愿望就是允許試驗(yàn)我的方法。

His dream was to be admitted to a good university. 他的夢(mèng)想是獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入一所好大學(xué)。

Her ambition was to be made a cinema actress. 她的志向是要當(dāng)一名電影演員。

9.4.2　動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式

動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式也可擔(dān)任某些句子成分，如：

1) 作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)：

He hated being langhed at. 他討厭被人嘲笑。

She couldn't bear being treated like that. 她不能忍受這樣的對(duì)待。

He was far from being satisfied. 他遠(yuǎn)未滿足。

2) 作主語(yǔ)：

Being offered such a job was sheer good luck. 被給予這樣一份工作純屬幸運(yùn)。

It felt funny being called Grandmother. 被人稱作奶奶感到怪怪的。

Being killed by sharks was a common occurrence. 以前被鯊魚(yú)咬死是常有的事。

9.4.3　現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式

現(xiàn)在分詞有時(shí)用于被動(dòng)形式，如：

1) 構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)：

I saw him being carried away on a stretcher. 我看見(jiàn)他被人用擔(dān)架抬走。

I watched the cargo being hoisted on board. 我看著貨物被吊到船上。

One could hear all kinds of things being discussed there. 你可以聽(tīng)到那里在談?wù)摰膯?wèn)題五花八門(mén)，無(wú)所不有。

2) 作定語(yǔ)：

She was not interested in the question being discussed. 她對(duì)正在討論的問(wèn)題沒(méi)有興趣。

The building being erected is a concert hall. 正在蓋的建筑物是一座音樂(lè)廳。

This was a campaign being waged in the country. 這是國(guó)內(nèi)正在開(kāi)展的一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。

3) 作狀語(yǔ)：

Being asked to give a performance, she couldn't very well refuse. 大家要求她表演一個(gè)節(jié)目，她不好拒絕。

Being protected by a thick wall, they felt quite safe. 有一堵厚墻掩護(hù)，他們感到很安全。

Being well looked after, the baby was in perfect health. 有了很好的照顧，寶寶身體非常健康。

9.4.4　過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)

過(guò)去分詞本身就有被動(dòng)意思，可以：

1) 和系動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)：

He nearly got hit by a car. 他差點(diǎn)給汽車撞了。

His wound has become infected. 他的傷口感染了。

I soon grew used to that kind of life. 很快我就習(xí)慣那種生活了。

2) 構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)：

I've just had a photograph taken. 我剛剛照了一張相。

Go and get your hair cut. 去理一下發(fā)。

I don't want anything said about this. 我不希望誰(shuí)談及此事。

3) 用作狀語(yǔ)：

Frustrated, he returned to his homeland. 他沮喪地回到故鄉(xiāng)。

They laughed, friendly and pleased. 他們友好而高興地笑了。

Greatly interested, I asked to join them in the game. 我很感興趣，要求和他們一塊兒玩。