第5章　代　詞 5.3　自身代詞和相互代詞

5.3　自身代詞和相互代詞

5.3.1　自身代詞

1) 自身代詞也稱反身代詞（Reflexive Pronouns），主要有下面這些：

此外，oneself也是自身代詞。

2) 自身代詞主要用作賓語：

John dressed himself in the most formal suit. 約翰穿得衣冠楚楚。

They should blame themselves for the accident. 出這事應(yīng)怪他們自己。

This refrigerator defrosts itself. 這冰箱是自動(dòng)除霜的。

I hope you'll enjoy yourselves. 希望你們玩得好。

Let me introduce myself. 我來介紹一下自己。

To deceive oneself is very easy. 騙自己是容易的。

I had a fit of rage—I could hardly control myself. 我勃然大怒——簡直無法控制自己。

He reproached himself for his behavior that evening. 他為他那天晚上的表現(xiàn)而自責(zé)。

She prided herself on her cooking. 她為自己的烹調(diào)技術(shù)感到驕傲。

She busied herself (in) tidying up her desk. 她忙著收拾她的寫字臺(tái)。

關(guān)于這種結(jié)構(gòu)還可參閱第13.3.2節(jié)。

3) 自身代詞也常常用作介詞賓語：

She looked at herself in the mirror. 她照了照鏡子。

Take good care of yourself. 好好保重。

He ought to be ashamed of himself. 他應(yīng)當(dāng)感到慚愧。

The three boys discussed the matter among themselves. 那三個(gè)小伙子討論了這件事。

I'm annoyed with myself. 我生我自己的氣。

She was speaking to herself. 她在自言自語。

He didn't pay for himself. 他自己沒付錢。

You must learn to look after yourself. 你要學(xué)會(huì)照顧自己。

4) 自身代詞有時(shí)用作主語或賓語的同位語：

The president himself gave her the medal. 校長親自給她頒發(fā)了獎(jiǎng)?wù)隆?

Mary herself opened the door. 瑪麗親自開了門。

I myself used to have literary ambitions. 我自己過去也有文學(xué)方面的雄心壯志。

The novel itself has glaring faults. 小說本身有嚴(yán)重缺陷。

I must begin by telling about the girls themselves. 我得先談?wù)劰媚飩冏约旱那闆r。

I liked the diamond itself but not the setting. 我喜歡的是鉆石本身，而不是它的底座。

She wanted to see Tom himself. 她想見湯姆本人。

有時(shí)自身代詞有強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，近乎狀語：

I'll do it myself. 這事我自己來做。

She made the dress herself. 這連衣裙是她自己做的。

Henry opened the safe himself. 亨利親自打開了保險(xiǎn)柜。

You'd better go there yourselves. 你們最好自己到那里去。

5) 自身代詞有時(shí)還可用作表語（a），間或還可用作主語（b）：

a．I haven't been myself for weeks. 這幾個(gè)星期我身體一直欠佳。

Now I'm quite myself again. 現(xiàn)在我身體已復(fù)原了。

That poor girl was myself . 那個(gè)可憐的女孩就是我自己。

b. Both my sister and myself were anxious about it. 我妹妹和我自己都很為這事著急。

I hope Miss Glenn and yourself are keeping well. 我希望格林小姐和你都好。

My brother is as worried as myself. 我弟弟和我自己一樣發(fā)愁。

6) 自身代詞還可用在一些成語中：

a. among yourselves (themselves，etc)你們（他們等）相互間：

Don't quarrel among yourselves. 你們自己不要相互爭(zhēng)吵了。

They were busy arguing among themselves. 他們忙著互相爭(zhēng)論。

b. between ourselves　咱們私下說說（不可外傳）：

This is just between ourselves. 這是咱們倆私下的悄悄話。

Between ourselves, I think Schmidt's about to resign. 咱們私下說說，我想斯密特即將辭職。

c. by oneself　獨(dú)自一人，自己（沒別人幫助）：

Miss Brown was sitting by herself on a bench. 布朗小姐獨(dú)自一人坐在長凳上。

He went out for a short walk by himself. 他一個(gè)人出去散了散步。

The little girl traveled to London by herself. 那小姑娘獨(dú)自去了倫敦。

d. for oneself　替自己，為自己：

She kept the smallest apple for herself. 她把最小的蘋果留給了自己。

With the money they could buy food for themselves. 用這筆錢他們可以給自己買食物。

You can decide for yourself. 你可以自己作出決定。

e. in oneself　本身：

This novel is a history in itself. 這本小說本身就是一部歷史。

They were good men in themselves, but they had to make a living too. 他們本身都是好人，但他們也得謀生。

f. to oneself　供自己用：

She has a small room to herself. 她自己有一個(gè)小房間。

We want to have some time to ourselves. 我們希望有一些供我們自己支配的時(shí)間。

5.3.2　相互代詞

相互代詞只有兩個(gè)，即：

可表示兩個(gè)人或幾個(gè)人之間的相互關(guān)系。在句中可以：

1) 用作賓語：

Probably we influence each other. 或許我們相互影響。

We've known each other for many years. 我們認(rèn)識(shí)許多年了。

The birds fought each other over the bread. 鳥兒為了面包互相爭(zhēng)斗。

Yes, we can help one another. 是的，我們可以互相幫助。

Liz and I have known one another for years. 麗絲和我認(rèn)識(shí)多年了。

2) 用作介詞賓語：

They struck at each other. 他們彼此打斗。

Their rooms were next (to) each other. 他們的房間彼此相鄰。

The three women looked at each other. 三個(gè)女人互相望了望。

We don't see much of each other. 我們不常見面。

They exchanged news with one another. 他們互相交換消息.

You should listen to one another a bit more. 你們應(yīng)多傾聽一點(diǎn)彼此的意見。

3) 和's一道構(gòu)成定語：

We enjoyed each other's company. 我們喜歡彼此待在一起。

They were holding each other's hands. 他們拉著彼此的手。

They often stayed in one another's house. 他們常常待在彼此的家里。

We often listen to one another's records. 我們常常聽彼此的唱片。

有時(shí)each other還可分開用：

We each know what the other thinks. 我們都知道彼此的想法。

Each tried to do more than the other. 他們爭(zhēng)著多干活。