BBC紀錄片《大麻 罪惡之種》 第04期：和大麻一樣影響大腦的海鞘

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In a minute we can take a look with a camera, so if I just set that up now as we're coming here.

馬上我們就能通過鏡頭看到了，讓我把攝影機架好吧，我們要到了。

I grab this monitor?

我拿著監(jiān)視器嗎？

Yeah, you can take the monitor.

對，你可以拿著。

Okay.

好的。

You should hopefully, as I go under the water now, start to see one or two of the sea squirts.

讓我把它放下水，現(xiàn)在你應該看到一兩只海鞘了。

Oh, yes!

啊，真的有！

Let's go further down, and you can see one there right now in the light.

再深點，你現(xiàn)在能看到另一個，就在光照的地方。

Oh, yes, now I can see.

看到沒？

Can you see it?

看到了嗎？

Yes.

嗯看到了。

Close-up.

來個特寫。

Yeah, and there's more here.

對，這里還有很多。

There we are.

在這。

Yes.

沒錯。

But what on Earth does a sea-squirt have to do with the way cannabis affects the human brain?

但為什么這些海鞘和大麻一樣，對大腦產生影響呢？

Well, if we go back say 500 million years ago to the oceans that would have been full of creatures like these,

如果我們回到5億年前的大海，你就能看到到處都是這種生物，

before there were fish and animals with backbones in the sea.

那時候沒有魚和脊椎動物。

We would find living in the oceans thriving, creatures such as these sea-squirts, that we find here on the marina today.

我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)在海洋里面繁盛的生物，比如今天我們這里看到的海鞘。

And they have, within them, very simple nervous systems that operate in much the same way that our nervous systems operate.

它們的神經系統(tǒng)都很簡單，工作原理和我們神經系統(tǒng)很相似。

In all animals, the nervous system is made of the same components - large numbers of nerve cells carrying electrical signals...

所有動物的神經系統(tǒng)的構成都是相同的，大量的神經細胞攜帶著電信號...

And wherever these cells meet, the signal is passed from one cell to a receptor in the next cell, by a chemical messenger called a neurotransmitter.

在細胞接觸的地方，信號從一個細胞發(fā)出，被另一個細胞的接受器接受。這種傳遞，通過一種叫神經傳遞素的化學信使實現(xiàn)。

Across the brain there are different types of these neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin.

大腦中，有種類各異的神經傳遞素，例如多巴胺和5-羥色胺。

All animals from fish to donkeys to humans have inherited this basic structure.

所有的動物，從魚到驢子到人類，都繼承了這種基本結構。

But way back in time, the sea squirt evolved an innovation to this system.

但在遠古，海鞘的神經系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)了革命性的進化。

What happened was the nervous system acquired a new chemical, a chemical if you like that had a new flavour, a new type of chemical.

神經系統(tǒng)獲得了一種新的化學物質，它散發(fā)一種或許你會喜歡的新味道。一種新類別的化學物質。

And it's this chemical that is related in structure and a similar shape to the chemical that's found in cannabis.

正是這種化學物質，在結構和形狀上與四氫大麻酚非常相似。