“師范大學(xué)”怎么就翻譯成了“normal university”的呢？

normal

/'n??m(?)l/

adj. 正常的;正規(guī)的，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的

n. 常態(tài);正常;標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

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我們都知道normal是“正常的”的意思，normal university 不就是“正常的大學(xué)”嗎?這跟“師范”有什么關(guān)系呢?

A normal school is a school created to train high school graduates to be teachers. Its purpose is to establish teaching standards or norms, hence its name. Most such schools are now called teachers' colleges; however, in some places the term normal school is still used.

師范學(xué)校是培養(yǎng)高中畢業(yè)生成為教師的學(xué)校。它的目的是建立教學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或規(guī)范(norms)，因此得名?，F(xiàn)在，大多數(shù)這種學(xué)校被叫做“teachers' colleges”;然而，在某些地方，“normal school”這個(gè)名字仍在沿用。

Normal schools in the United States and Canada trained teachers for primary schools, while in continental Europe, the equivalent colleges educated teachers for primary, secondary and tertiary schools.

美國和加拿大的normal schools是一般是培訓(xùn)小學(xué)教師的，而歐洲大陸的同等大學(xué)則為小學(xué)、中學(xué)和大學(xué)培訓(xùn)教師。

In 1685, St. Jean-Baptiste de La Salle, founder of the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, founded what is generally considered the first normal school, the École Normale, in Reims, Champagne, France. The term normal herein refers to the goal of these institutions to instill and reinforce particular norms within students. Norms included historical behavioral norms of the time, as well as norms that reinforced targeted societal values, ideologies and dominant narratives in the form of curriculum.

1685年，圣約翰·喇沙，天主教組織喇沙會(huì)的創(chuàng)辦人，在法國香檳區(qū)的蘭斯創(chuàng)立了被普遍認(rèn)為是第一所師范學(xué)校的高等師范學(xué)校。這里的“normal”一詞指的是這些機(jī)構(gòu)立下的向?qū)W生灌輸和強(qiáng)化特定規(guī)范(norms)的目標(biāo)。規(guī)范包括當(dāng)時(shí)的歷史行為規(guī)范，以及以課程形式強(qiáng)化社會(huì)價(jià)值觀、意識(shí)形態(tài)和主導(dǎo)敘事的規(guī)范。

Many comprehensive public or state-supported universities, such as the University of California, Los Angeles in the United States and Beijing Normal University in China, were established and operated as normal schools before expanding their faculties and organizing as research universities. Some of these universities, particularly in Asia, retain the word Normal in their name to recognize their historical purpose. In Canada, most normal schools were eventually assimilated into a university as its faculty of education.

許多綜合性的公立或州立大學(xué)，如美國加州大學(xué)、洛杉磯大學(xué)和中國北京師范大學(xué)，在擴(kuò)編師資和組建研究型大學(xué)之前，都是以師范學(xué)校的形式建立和運(yùn)作的。其中一些大學(xué)，尤其是亞洲的大學(xué)，在他們的名字中保留了“Normal”這個(gè)詞，以表明他們的歷史目的。在加拿大，大多數(shù)師范學(xué)校最終被合并為一所大學(xué)，作為其教育學(xué)院存在。

Ref：wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_school

www.definitions.net/definition/normal+school