研究表明，懷孕期間任何程度的飲酒或吸煙都可能影響新生兒的大腦發(fā)育

研究表明，懷孕期間任何程度的飲酒或吸煙都可能影響新生兒的大腦發(fā)育

If you're stressed or wanting to enjoy virtual happy hour with friends while pregnant, having a glass of wine every so often may seem like a relaxing plan.

如果你感到壓力很大，或者想在懷孕期間和朋友一起享受虛擬的歡樂時光，那么隔一段時間喝杯酒似乎是一個放松的計劃。

But that behavior runs counter to a study published Tuesday in the journal JAMA Network Open.

但這種行為與周二發(fā)表在《美國醫(yī)學會開放網絡》雜志上的一項研究背道而馳。

Researchers found drinking or smoking of any level while pregnant— from low to high, and even if you quit early — influenced the brain development of the mothers' newborns.

研究人員發(fā)現，懷孕期間任何程度(從低到高)的飲酒或吸煙，即使你提前戒掉，都會影響母親新生兒的大腦發(fā)育。

Negative long-term effects of excessive prenatal alcohol or tobacco exposure (or both), increasethe risk for multiple adverse outcomes, researchers observed.

研究人員觀察到，產前過量飲酒或吸煙(或兩者兼而有之)的長期負面影響，增加了產生多種不良后果的風險。

However, public health hasn't yet determined a safe level of alcohol or tobacco use during pregnancy, the study said. So the authors examined the link between prenatal exposure to alcohol and tobacco smoking and brain activity in newborns.

然而，研究稱，公眾健康還沒有確定懷孕期間飲酒或吸煙的安全水平。因此，作者們研究了產前飲酒和吸煙與新生兒大腦活動之間的聯系。

They didn't find a safe, conclusive level, but the findings suggested drinking or smoking in early stages andthen quitting, or doing so at low, moderate or high levels all impacted newborn brain development.

他們沒有找到一個安全的、結論性的水平，但研究結果表明，在早期飲酒或吸煙，然后戒煙掉，或在低強度、中強度、高強度下戒煙，都會影響新生兒的大腦發(fā)育。

Effects of alcohol and tobacco on brain activity

酒精和煙草對大腦活動的影響

Participants were 1.739 newborns enrolled in the Safe Passage Study, a large multidisciplinary study investigating the association between prenatal alcohol exposure, sudden infant death syndrome and stillbirth.

這項名為“安全通道研究”的大型多學科研究共有1739名新生兒參與。該研究旨在調查產前飲酒、嬰兒猝死綜合征和死產之間的關系。

The Safe Passage Study also determined how they're affected by environmental and lifestyle factors. The Safe Passage Study has concluded, but the current article is a follow up of the newborns included.

安全通道研究還確定了它們如何受到環(huán)境和生活方式因素的影響。安全通道研究已經得出結論，但目前的文章是對新生兒的后續(xù)研究。

Their mothers were recruited from 2011 through 2015 from clinical sites in Cape Town, South Africa, and the Northern Plains region of the United States.

他們的母親是從2011年到2015年從南非開普敦和美國北部平原地區(qū)的臨床站點招募的。

Mothers who took psychiatric medication were excluded from the current study.

服用精神藥物的母親被排除在目前的研究之外。

Details regarding prenatal alcohol exposure were collected using a 30-day Timeline Followback Interview, in which women self-reported their daily alcohol consumption on their last drinking day and 30 days prior, up to four times during pregnancy. They also recorded whether they shared a drink with someone, the type and brand of alcohol, container size and how long they drank per instance.

通過30天的時間線追蹤訪談收集有關產前飲酒的詳細信息，在訪談中，婦女自我報告她們在最后一天和30天之前的每日飲酒量，在懷孕期間多達四次。他們還記錄了他們是否與他人共享一杯酒，酒精的類型和品牌，容器大小，以及每次飲酒的時間。

Information for prenatal tobacco exposure was also gathered up to four times during pregnancy. They also indicated how often, and the number of tobacco cigarettes, they smoked on an average smoking day.

還收集了多達四次的在懷孕期間產前吸煙信息。他們還指出了她們平均每天吸煙的頻率和數量。

On 12 regions on the newborns' scalps, researchers conducted an electroencephalogram, or EEG, while they were sleeping.

在新生兒頭皮上的12個區(qū)域，研究人員在他們睡覺時進行了腦電圖(EEG)。

An EEG is a noninvasive test of brain function and activity reflecting electrical activity in the brain'scortex.

腦電圖是對大腦功能和活動的無創(chuàng)檢測，反映大腦皮層的電活動。

Infants whose moms smoked at moderate levels anytime during pregnancy, smoked at high levels anytime during pregnancy had decreased activity in the right-central area of their brains, compared with newborns who weren't exposed to tobacco while in the womb.

母親在孕期任何時候適度吸煙，在孕期任何時候大量吸煙，與在子宮內沒有接觸煙草的新生兒相比，他們大腦的右腦中心區(qū)域活動減少。