突發(fā)性干旱：為什么需要預(yù)警和緩解技術(shù)

突發(fā)性干旱：為什么需要預(yù)警和緩解技術(shù)

A new study on flash droughts published in journal Nature Climate Change on March 2, 2020 explored the impact of this extreme climate phenomenon. The study explored current knowledge about flash droughts and existing processes to predict and mitigate their occurrence.

一項(xiàng)關(guān)于突發(fā)性干旱的新研究于2020年3月2日發(fā)表在《自然氣候變化》雜志上，探討了這種極端氣候現(xiàn)象的影響。這項(xiàng)研究探討了目前關(guān)于突發(fā)性干旱的知識(shí)，以及預(yù)測(cè)和減輕其發(fā)生的現(xiàn)有過(guò)程。

Flash droughts could occur in weeks and stay on for months (subseasonal to seasonal time periods), according to the study conducted by a multi-institutional collaboration, including the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

根據(jù)包括勞倫斯·利弗莫爾國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室在內(nèi)的多機(jī)構(gòu)合作進(jìn)行的研究顯示，突發(fā)性干旱可能在數(shù)周內(nèi)發(fā)生，并持續(xù)數(shù)月(從季節(jié)性到季節(jié)性)。

Flash droughts had severe impacts and occurred when regular drought conditions rapidly intensified. This made it more urgent to accurately identify the physical processes behind their origins.

突發(fā)性干旱造成了嚴(yán)重影響，并在常規(guī)干旱迅速加劇的情況下發(fā)生。這就迫切需要準(zhǔn)確地識(shí)別其起源背后的物理過(guò)程。

Early-warning systems (EWS) that could identify trends in climate and sources of water were needed to detect the emergence or probability of the occurrence of flash droughts, according to the study.

根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究，需要能夠識(shí)別氣候和水源趨勢(shì)的預(yù)警系統(tǒng)(EWS)，來(lái)檢測(cè)突發(fā)性干旱的出現(xiàn)或發(fā)生的可能性。

Droughts were the most complex and least understood of all climate extremes. They could extend to entire regions from a few kilometres and continue for decades, according to the study.

干旱是所有極端氣候中最復(fù)雜、最難理解的。研究顯示，它們可能從幾公里延伸到整個(gè)地區(qū)，并持續(xù)數(shù)十年。

The need for EWS and drought monitoring was “the foundation of effective, proactive drought policy,” according to Angeline Pendergrass, a climate scientist and the study’s lead author.

氣候科學(xué)家、該研究的主要作者Angeline Pendergrass說(shuō)，對(duì)EWS和干旱監(jiān)測(cè)的需要是“有效、積極的干旱政策的基礎(chǔ)”。

There was little known about flash droughts — or ‘hidden hazards’ — when compared to research available on long-term droughts, according to the study, which cited the example of a flash drought in the Midwest region of the United States in 2012.

這項(xiàng)研究以2012年美國(guó)中西部地區(qū)的突發(fā)性干旱為例，指出與對(duì)現(xiàn)有的長(zhǎng)期干旱研究相比，人們對(duì)干旱(或“潛在危險(xiǎn)”)知之甚少。

The flash drought doubled the extent of abnormally dry conditions to more than 60 per cent in August that year from 30 per cent in May.

當(dāng)年8月，突如其來(lái)的干旱使異常干旱狀況的范圍擴(kuò)大了一倍，從5月的30%增至逾60%。

The significant impact this caused in agriculture caught the attention of the US government, according to the study.

研究顯示，這對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)造成的重大影響引起了美國(guó)政府的注意。

Flash droughts were the focus of research in China and Australia too, the study noted.

該研究指出，在中國(guó)和澳大利亞，突發(fā)性干旱也是研究的重點(diǎn)。

In 2018, one such flash drought de-vegetated the entire landscape and caused livestock numbers to dip to their lowest in a century in Australia’s south Queensland, according to the study.

根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究，2018年，一場(chǎng)突如其來(lái)的干旱使整個(gè)地區(qū)植被減少，導(dǎo)致澳大利亞南昆士蘭的牲畜數(shù)量降至一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)的最低水平。