GRE閱讀題目解析:無(wú)氧糖酵解

　　GRE閱讀題目解析:無(wú)氧糖酵解

　　P3

　　Question 6 is based on the following passage.

　　Anaerobic glycolysis is a process in which energy is produced, without oxygen, through the breakdown of muscle glycogen into lactic acid and adenosine tri- phosphate (ATP), the energy provider. The amount of energy that can be produced anaerobically is a function of the amount of glycogen present—in all vertebrates about 0.5 percent of their muscles‘ wet weight. Thus the anaerobic energy reserves of a verte-brate are proportional to the size of the animal. If, for example, some predators had attacked a 100-ton dinosaur, normally torpid, the dinosaur would have been able to generate almost instantaneously, via anaerobic glycolysis, the energy of 3,000 humans at maximum oxidative metabolic energy production.

　　6. The passage‘s suggestion that the total anaerobic energy reserves of a vertebrate are proportional to the vertebrate‘s size is based on which of the following assumption?

　　(A) larger vertebrates conserve more energy than smaller vertebrates

　　(B) larger vertebrates use less oxygen per unit weight than smaller vertebrates

　　(C) the ability of a vertebrate to consume food is a function of its size

　　(D) the amount of muscle tissue in a vertebrate is directly related to its size

　　(E) the size of a vertebrate is proportional to the quantity of energy it can utilize

　　P3

　　Question 6 is based on the following passage.

　　1

　　Anaerobic glycolysis is a process in which energy is produced, without oxygen, through the breakdown of muscle glycogen into lactic acid and adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) , the energy provider.

　　無(wú)氧糖酵解是一個(gè)無(wú)氧情況下生產(chǎn)能量的過(guò)程，分解的肌糖原轉(zhuǎn)化為乳酸，和三磷酸腺苷也就是能量提供者。

　　(專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的術(shù)語(yǔ)不鼓勵(lì)猜，猜對(duì)也沒(méi)啥用，兩個(gè)辦法，查字典，或者用縮寫代號(hào)。考場(chǎng)上可以把術(shù)語(yǔ)處理成代號(hào)：

　　AG 是一個(gè)無(wú)氧情況下生產(chǎn)能量的過(guò)程，通過(guò)分解肌肉的 G 轉(zhuǎn)化成乳酸和 ATP 也就是能量的提供者。)

　　2

　　The amount of energy that can be produced anaerobically is a function of the amount of glycogen present — in all vertebrates about 0.5 percent of their muscles‘ wet weight.

　　無(wú)氧(代謝)能夠產(chǎn)生的能量值是一個(gè)關(guān)于體內(nèi)糖原的函數(shù) —— 在所有脊椎動(dòng)物中，這個(gè)值與他們肌肉濕重的0.5%相關(guān)。

　　(A 是 B 的函數(shù)，就是用含B的式子能夠表示或推算 A 的值。這里的 function 再翻譯成功能就不通順了。)

　　3

　　Thus the anaerobic energy reserves of a vertebrate are proportional to the size of the animal.

　　所以，一只脊椎動(dòng)物的無(wú)氧能量?jī)?chǔ)備與它們的體型呈正比。

　　4

　　If, for example, some predators had attacked a 100-ton dinosaur, normally torpid, the dinosaur would have been able to generate almost instantaneously, via anaerobic glycolysis, the energy of 3,000 humans at maximum oxidative metabolic energy production.

　　假設(shè)，比如說(shuō)，有什么掠食者攻擊了一頭 100 噸重的恐龍，一般都是趁龍先生睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候，一瞬間恐龍先生通過(guò)無(wú)氧糖酵解產(chǎn)生的能量，大概相當(dāng)于 3000 個(gè)人類有氧代謝能產(chǎn)生的能量最大值的總和。

　　6. The passage‘s suggestion that the total anaerobic energy reserves of a vertebrate are proportional to the vertebrate‘s size is based on which of the following assumption?

　　(A) larger vertebrates conserve more energy than smaller vertebrates

　　(B) larger vertebrates use less oxygen per unit weight than smaller vertebrates

　　(C) the ability of a vertebrate to consume food is a function of its size

　　(D) the amount of muscle tissue in a vertebrate is directly related to its size

　　(E) the size of a vertebrate is proportional to the quantity of energy it can utilize

　　選 D

　　比較簡(jiǎn)單的一道邏輯題，再看一遍句 2、3，然后整理一下它們的邏輯鏈條。

　　1)無(wú)氧糖解產(chǎn)生的能量;

　　2)體內(nèi)蘊(yùn)含的糖原，也就是肌肉濕重的 0.5%;

　　3)動(dòng)物的體型大小。

　　第 2 句告訴我們，1)和 2)相關(guān);

　　第 3 句接著告訴我們，因此 1)和 3)也相關(guān)。

　　現(xiàn)在題目問(wèn)我們第 3 句是基于什么樣的一個(gè)假設(shè)，這個(gè)假設(shè)就是 “ 2)和 3)相關(guān) ” 。再說(shuō)個(gè)類似的描述，“ 我跟你同班 ”，“ 我跟他同班 ”，隱含著一個(gè) “ 你跟他也同班 ” 的假設(shè)。

　　這種短文章只有一道題，有些老師會(huì)告訴你，讀完問(wèn)題去文中找答案，我個(gè)人表示保留。如果你閱讀能力足夠強(qiáng)，看懂第四句話用不了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間;如果你讀不懂，你也未必能迅速判斷它跟題目無(wú)關(guān)。說(shuō)到底，提高你的閱讀速度和理解力，不要想那些抄近路的小花招。在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試中，真正能幫你的是實(shí)力，不是竅門和好運(yùn)氣，又不是買彩票，你同意嗎?？铸埾壬憷^續(xù)睡吧。