英漢翻譯的原理與實踐unit10

Unit 10

I、課外練習(xí)參考譯文：

科學(xué)從經(jīng)驗中發(fā)現(xiàn)事物的法則和意義，而且發(fā)現(xiàn)的方法判然不同?？茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的方法就如牛頓在晚年的自述中所講述的方法，而這種方法在教科書里只有夸張的描述。

1665年牛頓22歲的時候，英格蘭南部瘟疫爆發(fā)，劍橋大學(xué)關(guān)門了。于是以后的18個月牛頓就在家里度過。正值渴求知識之時卻脫離了傳統(tǒng)方式的學(xué)習(xí)。用他本人的話說，“當(dāng)時我正處于發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的大好年華。”帶著這種孩子氣的迫切心情，有一天他坐在寡母的園子里，看到一只蘋果掉落下來。

年輕的牛頓看到蘋果掉落時，想到的不是蘋果一定受到地球引力的作用而落到地面，那種想法早在牛頓之前就有了。他想到的是，到達(dá)樹梢的這一地球引力有可能超越地球和大氣層，繼續(xù)向外延伸到漫無止境的空間。地球引力可能傳到月球。這才是牛頓的新想法;也許正是地球引力才保持月球在軌道上的運(yùn)行。

牛頓當(dāng)即測算了地球要吸引住月球需要多大的力，并將其與果樹高度的已知地球引力作了比較。兩種力是一致的。牛頓扼要地說道：“我發(fā)現(xiàn)答案十分接近。”然而，兩者之間只是接近而已：相似與接近是不可分割的，因為沒有一種相似是絕對精確的。正是從牛頓的科學(xué)中現(xiàn)代科學(xué)才得到了充分的發(fā)展。

II、英漢翻譯原理第四講：怎樣表達(dá)譯文：(續(xù))

四、要完整無遺地傳達(dá)原文的意義：

【例82】 Before we can learn to appreciate those different from us, we must open our hearts to tolerance.

×在我們學(xué)會正確評價與自己不同的人之前，我們必須胸襟開闊，能夠忍讓。

【譯文】 我們要心胸開闊，善于忍讓，才能學(xué)會正確評價與自己不同的人。

【例83】 Any person not leaving litter in this basket will be liable to a fine of ￡5.

×凡不往這個簍內(nèi)扔雜物者罰款5鎊。

【譯文】 雜物須扔入簍內(nèi)，凡亂扔者罰款5鎊。

【例84】 At the sight of Napoleon, the young Frenchman clicked his heels together.

×年青的法國人一見到拿破侖就把兩只腳跟喀嚓并在一起。

【譯文】 年青的法國士兵一見拿破侖就兩腳喀嚓一聲并攏，立正敬禮。

五、遣字造句要結(jié)合和借鑒語景：

【例85】 If a heavy body is to be lifted to a certain height, work must be done, or energy expended, equal to the weight of the body multiplied by the height through which it is raised.

【譯文】 如果把重物舉到一定高度，一定要做功或者消耗能;而這個功或能就等于物體重量乘以物體舉起的高度。

【例86】 Sony's $3.4 billion deal for Columbia Pictures marks Japan's biggest U.S. takeover ever -- and adds to fears that it is "buying America" and taking an invincible lead in trade and technology.

【譯文】 索尼公司用34億美元買下了哥掄比亞電影公司，這是迄今為止日本對美國一筆金額最大的收購，而且使人們更加擔(dān)心日本正在“收購美國”，正在貿(mào)易和技術(shù)方面不可阻擋地發(fā)揮著主導(dǎo)作用。

【例87】 The continental United States stretches 4,500 kilometers from the Atlantic Ocean on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west. It borders Canada on the north, and reaches south to Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico.

【譯文】 美國大陸東起大西洋西至太平洋，橫跨4,500公里。北與加拿大接壤，南與墨西哥和墨西哥彎毗鄰。

【例88】 Voting ballots are unsigned and marked by the voters in private booths so that no one else can find out for whom a citizen is voting.

【譯文】 選票不記名，由選民在隔離的投票站里圈出被選舉人，別人無法知道哪一位公民投了誰的票。

【例89】 That the vitamin is sensitive to light was recognized only later.

×維生素感光只是后來承認(rèn)的。

【譯文】 人們只是到后來才認(rèn)識到維生素的光敏作用。

六、要善于運(yùn)用各種翻譯技巧：

【例90】 A change in the operating frequency is easily accomplished by operating a switch installed on a monitoring alarm.

【譯文】 操作監(jiān)視告警器上的開關(guān)，工作頻率就會自然產(chǎn)生變化。

III、課堂練習(xí)(將以下句子譯成漢語，譯文表達(dá)應(yīng)通順流暢)：

1.The government left its policy open to various interpretations.

2.To see his likeness perpetuated in marble is to me today a sad but pleasing sensation.

3.I suppose he will be awfully proud, and that I shall be treated most contemptuously. Still I must bear my hard lot as well as I can.

4.The longest life and the shortest amount to the same. For the present is of equal duration for all, and what we lose is not ours.

5.Many Londoners believe that the city needs to have all its transport requirements looked at together to ensure that the entire transport system works as a single, efficient unit.

6.Henry Ford did not invent the automobile, but he was the first man to mass-manufacture it, and this made it available to the ordinary man.

7.The Labour government says that the private sector should take most, but not all, of the responsibility for public transport. In London, the underground railway system -- known as the "Tube" -- is likely to be where this policy is first put into practice.

8.It's raining, again. As I lie awake in bed, listening to the sound of those razor-sharp drops pounding on the pavement, my mind goes reeling down dark corridors teeming with agonizing flashbacks, and a chill from within fills me with dread. It's raining, again.

IV、課堂練習(xí)參考譯文：

1.政府聽任人們對其政策作各種解釋。

2.今天看到了他永垂不朽的大理石雕像，我悲喜交集。

3.我猜他準(zhǔn)是傲氣十足，不把我放在眼里。盡管如此，我也只好盡量逆來順受了。

4.最長壽和最短暫的人生是相同的，因為目前這段時間對所有人來說都一樣長，時間一旦失去就不再屬于我們。

5.許多倫敦人認(rèn)為，倫敦需要對全部交通需求作通盤考慮，從而確保整個交通系統(tǒng)成為一個統(tǒng)一高效的運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)。

6.汽車不是亨利•福特發(fā)明的，但他卻是大批量生產(chǎn)汽車的第一人，從而使普通老百姓能夠擁有汽車。

7.工黨政府說，私營企業(yè)應(yīng)承擔(dān)起公共交通的大部分業(yè)務(wù)，而不是全部業(yè)務(wù)。這項政策可能首先在當(dāng)?shù)厝朔Q作“Tube”的倫敦地鐵系統(tǒng)付諸實施。

8.天，又下雨了。我躺在床上睡不著，聽著雨點(diǎn)劈里啪啦地打著路面，思緒萬千，恍恍惚惚地走進(jìn)了幽暗的通道，腦際浮現(xiàn)出許多痛苦的往事，心里一陣冰涼，不由得毛骨悚然。天，又下雨了。

V、課外練習(xí)(將以下短文譯成漢語，注意譯文表達(dá)的通順流暢)：

It was a bleak, rainy day, and I had no desire to drive up the winding mountain road to my daughter Carolyn's house. But she had insisted that I come see something at the top of the mountain.

Turning down a narrow track, we parked the car and got out. We walked along a path that was thick with old pine needles. Huge blackgreen evergreens towered over. Gradually the peace and silence of the place began to fill my mind. Then we turned a corner -- and I stopped and gasped in amazement.

From the top of the mountain, sloping for several acres across folds and valleys, were rivers of daffodils in radiant bloom. A profusion of color -- from the palest ivory to the deepest lemon to the most vivid salmon -- blazed like a carpet before us. It looked as though the sun had tipped over and spilled gold down the mountainside.

A riot of questions filled my mind. Who created such beauty? Why? How?

As we approached the home that stood in the center of the property, we saw a sign: ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS I KNOW YOU ARE ASKING. The first answer was: ONE WOMAN -- TWO HANDS, TWO FEET AND VERY LITTLE BRAIN. The second was: ONE AT A TIME. The third: STARTED IN 1958.

As we drove home, I was so moved by what we had seen I could scarcely speak. "She changed the world," I finally said, "one bulb at a time. She started almost 40 years ago, probably just the beginning of an idea, but she kept at it." The wonder of it would not let me go. "Imagine," I said, "if I'd had a vision and worked at it, jut a little bit every day, what might have I accomplished?" (299 words)