英漢翻譯的原理與實(shí)踐Ｕnit07

Unit 7

I、課外練習(xí)參考譯文：

一天中我最喜歡的是最后那段時(shí)刻--至少是醒著的最后那段時(shí)刻。我再三努力不讓眨動(dòng)的眼皮合上，不讓書(shū)本掉落在胸前，這時(shí)候我知道真的該入睡了。我深情地把書(shū)放在身邊的床上。我們一起入睡--我和我的書(shū)，我和書(shū)中的人物，我和交雜的夢(mèng)境，都一起入睡。

躺在床上看書(shū)似乎成了家傳。上一次母親幫我照看孩子時(shí)，我回到家里發(fā)現(xiàn)整幢房子一片漆黑，只有兩處微弱的燈光。一處在我兒子的房間，我看到八歲的兒子拿著一本《雞皮疙瘩》，打著電筒躲在被窩里看書(shū)。房子的那頭，母親拿著書(shū)已經(jīng)打起盹來(lái)。

差不多在這一老一小的中間就是我：一個(gè)已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大成人的昔日女孩，過(guò)去經(jīng)常在野營(yíng)時(shí)把《南茜•德魯》漫畫(huà)藏在被窩里與之同眠，一位將來(lái)幫兒子照看小孩的老奶奶，兒子回家時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)母親已經(jīng)心滿(mǎn)意足地臉上蓋著書(shū)本呼呼入睡。

我沒(méi)有按照傳統(tǒng)的分類(lèi)方法把書(shū)分為小說(shuō)類(lèi)和非小說(shuō)類(lèi)、長(zhǎng)篇類(lèi)和短篇類(lèi)、修身養(yǎng)性類(lèi)和娛樂(lè)消遣類(lèi)，而是把床頭讀物分為催人入眠類(lèi)和驅(qū)散睡意類(lèi)。兩類(lèi)書(shū)籍各得其所。就在昨天晚上，我挑了一本薄薄的但文字密集的文學(xué)評(píng)論。我知道這本書(shū)會(huì)讓我倒下就睡著。與之完全不同的另一類(lèi)則是情節(jié)緊張扣人心弦的書(shū)，如犯罪小說(shuō)、愛(ài)情故事、生活喜劇，書(shū)中的敘事充滿(mǎn)魅力令你不忍打斷，書(shū)中的世界引人入勝使你難舍難離，你會(huì)一頁(yè)又一頁(yè)地翻下去，一直看到十二點(diǎn)鐘過(guò)后。

II、英漢翻譯原理第三講：怎樣理解原文?(續(xù))

六、要理解詞語(yǔ)不同用法時(shí)的不同含義：

【例53】 They were distressful memories to her.

×它們都是她感到悲傷的回憶。

【譯文】 這些都是勾起她痛苦回憶的往事，

【例54】 Anyone who doubts that global financial markets control national economies need only look at the crisis facing the "tigers" of the Far East.

×任何認(rèn)為全球金融市場(chǎng)未必能左右國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的人，只須環(huán)視一下籠罩著遠(yuǎn)東“四小龍”的那場(chǎng)金融危機(jī)。

【譯文】 無(wú)論是誰(shuí)，如果認(rèn)為世界各國(guó)金融市場(chǎng)未必能控制各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)，只須看一看遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)的“四小龍”所面臨的這場(chǎng)金融危機(jī)就明白了。

【例55】 Concerned farmers are building terraces on hilly fields, rotating their crops, and using new plowing methods to cut soil losses significantly.

【譯文】 關(guān)注事態(tài)的農(nóng)民們?cè)谏降厣闲拊焯萏?，?shí)行輪作，并采用新法耕作以大幅度減少土壤流失。

七、要注意省略和替代部分的理解：

【例56】 "Has he sold his collection yet?" "He has some of the paintings; I'm not sure about the rest."

ד他的藏畫(huà)全都賣(mài)了嗎?” “他有一些畫(huà)，其他的我說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)。”

【譯文】 “他的藏畫(huà)全都賣(mài)了嗎?” “有一部分畫(huà)他已經(jīng)賣(mài)了，其他的我說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)。”

【例57】 In other words there is at work in the language of a man, or of an age even, a constant principle of selection.

【譯文】 換句話(huà)說(shuō)，不僅一個(gè)人的語(yǔ)言，甚至于一個(gè)時(shí)代的語(yǔ)言，都不斷受到淘汰原理的影響。

【例58】 A causeless event or thing, we cannot think of any more than we can of a stick with only one end.

【譯文】 我們不可能設(shè)想有哪件事情是無(wú)緣無(wú)故產(chǎn)生的，就像我們不可能設(shè)想有哪根棍子只有一頭一樣。

【例59】 We are human and human beings are far from perfect. To be human implies that we will make mistakes. But it's more than that we feel human. We now feel entitled.

【譯文】 我們是凡人，而凡人遠(yuǎn)非十全十美。作為凡人就是說(shuō)我們會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。但是，我們覺(jué)得自己是凡人不僅僅由于我們會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。我們?nèi)缃窀械接袡?quán)利犯錯(cuò)誤。

【例60】 You have acted as if you do; but I don't think you do.

【譯文】 你裝出好象很喜歡我的樣子，可我覺(jué)得你并不喜歡我。

III、課堂練習(xí)(正確理解以下各句，并在正確理解的基礎(chǔ)上將其譯成漢語(yǔ))：

1.If anyone has the right to hope he can solve what to most physicists would seem unsolvable, he has.

2.By taking thought, men can move mountains -- and have.He had retired to private prayer in his chamber.

3.Many considerations go into growing the most flavorful produce, and the simple fact of being certified "organic" is not guarantee.

4.Senate Majority Leader George Mitchel hit the ceiling, as did most other Democrats, who immediately declared themselves allergic to taxes.

5.Two of the largest and most powerful nations of the world have since 1950 lived in isolated ignorance of one another and mutual fear and hate.

6.At the meeting, Johnson was very critical of Smith's record, but she was able to blunt his attack by showing that he had a private grievance against her.

7.Along with strong incentive and education systems, third-wave companies maintain an openness to outside ideas and a tolerance for failure that help to keep innovative thinking alive.

8.When he dined with his sister that evening, Madeline helped herself to a cigarette from his pack on the table, and lit and smoke it inexpertly. Her defiant, self-satisfied, somewhat pathetic air made Warren laugh.

IV、課堂練習(xí)參考譯文：

1.如果說(shuō)誰(shuí)有權(quán)利希望自己能解決大多數(shù)物理學(xué)家似乎無(wú)法解決的問(wèn)題，那么他就有這種權(quán)利。

2.人們只要?jiǎng)幽X筋，就能移山填海--而且人們已經(jīng)這樣做了。

3.最具風(fēng)味的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的種植涉及到許多因素，而僅僅獲得“天然產(chǎn)品”的認(rèn)證并不能保證什么。

4.參議院多數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖米契爾和大多數(shù)民主黨人士都大發(fā)雷霆，他們立即宣稱(chēng)無(wú)法忍受增稅。

5.自1950年以來(lái)，世界上兩個(gè)地域最大、實(shí)力最強(qiáng)的國(guó)家彼此隔離，毫無(wú)了解，相互間既恐懼又?jǐn)骋暋?/p>

6.在會(huì)上，約翰遜百般指責(zé)史密斯過(guò)去的所作所為，但史密斯指出約翰遜對(duì)她有私仇，因而削弱了約翰遜攻擊的鋒芒。

7.第三次浪潮時(shí)代的企業(yè)除了需要有力的激勵(lì)和教育機(jī)制外，還應(yīng)善于接受外界的思想，善于容忍失敗，這樣才有利于思想上的活躍創(chuàng)新。

8.華倫那天跟妹妹美德琳一起吃晚飯時(shí)， 妹妹從桌上他的煙盒里取出一支香煙，不太在行地抽了起來(lái)。她那種不可一世、自鳴得意、又有點(diǎn)惹人愛(ài)憐的神氣引得華倫哈哈大笑。

V、課外練習(xí)(正確理解下列短文，并將其譯成漢語(yǔ))：

Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.

While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to woman.

Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success.

Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.

All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.

Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the "masculine" qualities required.

This is true even in politics. "When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently," says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. The were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them.

The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes. (332 words)