英漢翻譯的原理與實(shí)踐Ｕnit05

Unit 5

I、課外練習(xí)參考譯文：

第一印象常常是持久的印象。的確，如果處理得當(dāng)，你就能有幸獲得社會(huì)學(xué)家稱之為“光環(huán)效應(yīng)”帶來的種種好處。這就是說，要是在一開始關(guān)鍵的幾分鐘里你就給人留下好的印象，初遇者就可能認(rèn)為你辦的事件件都好。

你的一舉一動(dòng)都會(huì)大大影響你給面試者的第一印象。在有關(guān)人際交流的一項(xiàng)意義重大的研究中心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，關(guān)于情感和態(tài)度的信息有7%來自我們的語言文字，有38%來自我們的語音，而驚人的是，竟有55%來自我們的面部表情。事實(shí)上，如果面部表情或說話語調(diào)與我們所說的話發(fā)生矛盾時(shí)，聽者通常會(huì)更加看重那些非語言信息。

為了使第一次面試成功，一開始的握手要堅(jiān)定有力。如果面試者沒有主動(dòng)伸出手來，你就主動(dòng)先把手伸出來。要是可以選擇座位的話，要坐在面試者桌子的側(cè)面，而不要坐在正對(duì)面。這樣坐法你們中間就沒有障礙了，而且在一定程度上起到減少對(duì)立的作用。如果你只能坐在桌子對(duì)面，那么坐的時(shí)候把椅子稍微挪一下或者把身體坐的角度偏一點(diǎn)，這樣你就不是正對(duì)著面試者了。

要注意你的形體語言，千萬不要表現(xiàn)得對(duì)這份工作迫不及待，也不要表現(xiàn)得急于討好別人。要保持一種辦理公事時(shí)一本正經(jīng)的神態(tài)。非語言行為可削弱語言信息的力量，從而使你顯得優(yōu)柔寡斷缺乏自信，而不合時(shí)宜的微笑就是一個(gè)最為常見的例子。良好的目光交流也非常重要。有一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，多用目光進(jìn)行交流的求職者可給人以更為機(jī)警、可靠、自信、負(fù)責(zé)的印象。

II、英漢翻譯原理第三講：怎樣理解原文?(續(xù))

二、要理解特殊語言現(xiàn)象的特殊含義：

【例36】 John is now with his parents in New York; it is three years since he was a high school teacher in Washington.

【譯文】 約翰現(xiàn)在同父母一起住在紐約;他不在華盛頓當(dāng)中學(xué)教師已有三年了。

【例37】 She didn't attend the meeting because she wanted to.

【譯文】 她去開會(huì)并不是她自己想去。

【例38】 As a place to live, it left much to be desired. As a secret training base for a new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity.

【譯文】 作為居住之處，這里有許多不足之處。但作為新型飛機(jī)的秘密訓(xùn)練基地，卻是非常理想的。它地處邊陲，人們不易了解其中的活動(dòng)。

【例39】 The teacher didn't tell her students that in so many words, but obviously something about her attitude convinced them.

×老師沒有用很多話把這種情況告訴學(xué)生，但她的某種態(tài)度顯然使學(xué)生相信情況的確如此。

【譯文】 老師沒有把這種情況對(duì)學(xué)生明說，但她的某種態(tài)度顯然使學(xué)生相信情況的確如此。

【例40】 If I am getting a free ride, how come I am so tired when I go home at the end of a shift?

×如果我是免費(fèi)乘車的話，我上完一次班回家后怎么會(huì)那么累呢?

【譯文】 如果我上班偷閑的話，我下班回家怎么會(huì)那么累呢?

【例41】 I am sorry I was a little short with you just now. I don't feel myself today.

×如果我剛才陪你的時(shí)間短了一些的話，我很抱歉。今天我自己也沒有感覺到。

【譯文】 剛才對(duì)你態(tài)度不好，我很抱歉。今天我身體有點(diǎn)不舒服。

三、要結(jié)合上下文語境進(jìn)行理解：

【例42】 The financial implications of this resolution remain to be defined.

【譯文】 本決議所涉及的財(cái)政問題尚待確定。

本決議對(duì)財(cái)政工作的意義尚待闡明。

【例43】 The tyrants might array their cruelty, but the people would oppose their bravery.

【譯文】 暴君恣意肆虐，人民則奮勇反抗。

【例44】 Managers face a host of new business realities, such as changing patterns of employment that include an explosion of outsourcing and new alliances.

×管理人員面對(duì)的是商界前所未有的種種現(xiàn)實(shí)，諸如就業(yè)的模式不斷變化 包括外購。重組等現(xiàn)象的猛增。

【譯文】 管理人員面對(duì)的是商界前所未有的種種現(xiàn)實(shí)，諸如企業(yè)用工方式的不斷變化 包括大幅度增加外部采辦和新建聯(lián)產(chǎn)單位。

III、課堂練習(xí)(正確理解以下各句，并在正確理解的基礎(chǔ)上將其譯成漢語)：

1.Let it deceive them, then, a little longer; it can not deceive them too much.

2.We shall never get anywhere with all the criticism and fault finding. I believe in the principle "Live and let live".

3.He said that no one could beat him at tennis, but he had to eat his word after losing several games.

4.I had read too many novels and had learned too much at school not to know a good deal about love.

5.In fact, one office-system expert recently said that he had yet to encounter a business work place that was functioning at more than 60 percent efficiency.

6.Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole truth in advertisement any more than he expects a man applying for a job to describe his shortcomings and serious faults.

7.There is probably no better way for a foreigner (or an Englishman) to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it.

8.We are human and human beings are far from perfect. To be human implies that we will make mistakes. But it's more than that we feel human. We now feel entitled.

IV、課堂練習(xí)參考譯文：

1.那就讓這事再騙他們一會(huì)兒吧，無論怎樣騙他們都不算過分。

2.這一套批評(píng)挑剔的做法是行不通的。我相信“互相容忍”的原則。

3.他說打網(wǎng)球沒人打得過他，但輸了幾場之后，他只好承認(rèn)自己說錯(cuò)了。

4.我讀過很多小說，在學(xué)校里所見所聞也不少，對(duì)于愛情自然就知道得很多。

5.事實(shí)上，有位辦公制度專家最近說過，他還沒見到過有哪個(gè)辦公場所的工作效率高于百分之六十。

6.有頭腦的人誰也不會(huì)指望求職者說出自己的缺點(diǎn)和嚴(yán)重過錯(cuò)，同樣，也不會(huì)指望廣告里說的全是真話。

7.對(duì)于外國人(甚至包括英國人)來說，要欣賞豐富多采的英語，最好的辦法也許就是學(xué)習(xí)莎士比亞使用英語的各種方法。

8.我們是凡人，而凡人遠(yuǎn)非十全十美。作為凡人就是說我們會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。但是，我們覺得自己是凡人不僅僅由于我們會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。我們?nèi)缃窀械接袡?quán)利犯錯(cuò)誤。

V、課外練習(xí)(正確理解下列短文，并將其譯成漢語)：

A new era is upon us. Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, the knowledge society. It all translates to a fundamental change in the way we work. Already we're partly there. The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the Western World. Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan (two thirds or more in many of these countries) are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise. More women are in the workforce than ever before. There are more part-time jobs. More people are sell-employed. But the breadth of the economic transformation can't be measured by numbers alone, because it also is giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature of work itself. Long-held notions about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers -- all these are being challenged.

We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead. No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip, would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots. Tomorrow's achievements in biotechnology, artificial intelligence or even some still unimagined technology could produce a similar way of dramatic changes. But one thing is certain: information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth; computer knowledge will become as basic a requirement as the ability to read and write. The ability to solve problems by applying information instead of performing routine tasks will be valued above all else. If you cast your mind ahead 10 years, information services will be predominant. It will be the way you do your job.(320 words)