2012年11月翻譯資格考試二級筆譯真題

第一部分 英譯漢試題一

Where Shakespeare Slept, or So They Say

Tucked away in this small village in Buckinghamshire County is the former Elizabethan coaching inn where William Shakespeare is said to have penned part of "A Midsummer Night's Dream."

Dating from 1534, the inn, now called Shakespeare House, is thought to have been built as a Tudor hunting lodge. Later it became a stop for travelers between London and Stratford-upon-Avon, where Shakespeare was born and buried.

It was "Brief Lives," a 17th-century collection of biographies by John Aubrey, that linked Shakespeare to the inn, saying that he had stayed there and drawn inspiration for the comedy while in the village.

One of the current owners, Nick Underwood, said the local lore goes even further: "It is also said he appears at the oriel window on the top floor of the house on April 23 every year -- the date he is said to have been born and to have died."

"In later years, the house later became a farmhouse, with 150 acres of land, but, over time, pieces were sold off," Mr. Underwood said. "In the 20th century, it was owned by two American families." Now, he and his co-owner, Roy Elsbury, have put the seven-bedroom property on the market at￡1.375 million, or $2.13 million.

Despite its varied uses and renovations over the years, the 4,250-square-foot, or 395-square-meter, inn has retained so much of its original character that the organization English Heritage lists it as a Grade II* property, indicating that it is particularly important and of "more than special interest." Only 27 percent of the 1,600 buildings on the organization's register have this designation.

We knew of the house before we bought it and were very excited when it came up for sale. It is so unusual to find an Elizabethan property of this size, in this area, and when we

saw it, we absolutely fell in love with it," Mr. Underwood said. "We have taken great pleasure in working on it and living here. This house is all about the history."

In addition to being the owners' home, the property currently is run as a luxury guest house,with rooms rented for￡99 to￡250 a night.

"Shakespeare House is a wonderful example of Elizabethan architecture," said Dean Heaviside, the national sales director of Fine real estate agency, which is representing the owners. "It has been beautifully restored and offers a unique lifestyle, which brings a taste of the past together with modern-day comfort. It is rare to find a home like this on the market."

參考譯文：

這家前伊麗莎白時期的驛站旅館坐落于白金漢郡的這個小村落之中，據(jù)說莎士比亞 的《仲夏夜之夢》有一部分書稿就是在這里完成的。

這家旅館現(xiàn)在改稱“莎士比亞故居”，始建于 1534 年，有人認(rèn)為旅館最初是作為都鐸 王朝時期的狩獵旅館，后來成為往返倫敦和斯特拉特福的旅客中途歇腳的地方。斯特拉 特福是莎士比亞的出生地，也是他的安葬地。

發(fā)現(xiàn)莎士比亞與這個小旅館之間存在淵源的是約翰·歐伯雷編著的十七世紀(jì)傳記選集《名人簡傳》。傳記中提到，莎士比亞在這個村莊逗留時一直下榻該旅館，并在此為創(chuàng)作 喜劇《仲夏夜之夢》汲取了大量靈感。

尼克·安德伍德現(xiàn)在與他人共同擁有這座房產(chǎn)。他說，當(dāng)?shù)赜嘘P(guān)這座房產(chǎn)的傳說更是神乎其神：“莎士比亞每年 4 月 23 號都會出現(xiàn)在頂樓的凸窗旁，據(jù)說這天即是他的生日也是他的忌日。”

“后來，這個旅館變成了一個農(nóng)舍，當(dāng)時擁有 150 英畝土地。但是，土地后來都一塊 塊被賣掉了，”安德伍德說，“到了二十世紀(jì)，兩個美國家庭成了這座房產(chǎn)的主人”?，F(xiàn)在 安德伍德和房產(chǎn)的共同擁有者羅伊·艾爾斯伯里(Roy Elsbury)將這個有七個臥室的房產(chǎn) 掛牌出售，售價 137.5 萬英鎊(約合 213 萬美元)。

盡管這些年來這座房產(chǎn)用途幾經(jīng)變化，歷經(jīng)多次修葺，但是這個面積達(dá) 4250 平方英 尺(約 395 平方米)的小旅館仍然大致保留了其原始風(fēng)貌，英國遺產(chǎn)組織將其列為國家 二級文物保護(hù)單位，表明該處遺產(chǎn)具有特殊意義，“并非僅僅是特色故居”。英國遺產(chǎn)組織 在冊的 1600 多棟建筑里只有 27%的建筑享此殊榮。

英譯漢試題二

In Greenland, Ice and Instability

The ancient frozen dome cloaking Greenland is so vast that pilots have crashed into what they thought was a cloud bank spanning the horizon. Flying over it, you can scarcely imagine that it could erode fast enough to dangerously raise sea levels any time soon.

Along the flanks in spring and summer, however, the picture is very different. For an increasing number of warm years, a network of blue lakes and rivulets of melt-water has been spreading ever higher on the icecap.

The melting surface darkens, absorbing up to four times as much energy from the sun as snow, which reflects sunlight. Natural drainpipes called moulins carry water from the surface into the depths, in some places reaching bedrock.

The process slightly, but measurably, lubricates and accelerates the grinding passage of ice towards the sea.

Most important, many glaciologists say, is the break-up of huge semi-submerged clots of ice where some large Greenland glaciers, particularly along the west coast, squeeze through fiords as they meet the warming ocean. As these passages have cleared, this has sharply accelerated the flow of many of these creeping, corrugated and frozen rivers.

Some glaciologists fear that the rise in seas in a warming world could be much greater than the upper estimate of about 60 centimeters this century made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change last year. (Seas rose less than 30 centimeters last century.)

The panel's assessment did not include factors known to contribute to ice flows but not understood well enough to estimate with confidence. SCIENTIFIC scramble is under way to clarify whether the erosion of the world's most vulnerable ice sheets, in Greenland and west Antarctica, can continue to accelerate. The effort involves field and satellite analyses and sifting for clues from past warm periods,

Things are definitely far more serious than anyone would have thought five years ago.

參考譯文：

格陵蘭島上覆蓋著的遠(yuǎn)古冰穹一望無際，許多飛行員飛過上空時都曾誤以為是地平 線上的云層而俯沖失事。從空中俯瞰的話，很難想象冰穹融化速度是如此之快，過不了 多久海平面就將上升至危險水平。

但是，在春夏季節(jié)，冰穹兩側(cè)的景象則迥然不同。隨著溫暖年份不斷增多，融冰形 成的藍(lán)色冰川湖和溪澗逐漸自下而上侵蝕著冰帽/在冰穹上的海拔越來越高。

融冰的表層發(fā)黑，吸收的太陽熱量是雪的四倍，因為雪可以反射太陽光。冰川壺穴 是天然排水管，融冰水通過壺穴從表層一直滲透至底層，在有些地區(qū)甚至?xí)竭_(dá)底部基 巖。

整個過程對冰劃入海洋起著潤滑和加速的作用，雖然過程緩慢，但是作用明顯。

在格陵蘭島的一些大型冰川特別是西海岸的冰川在進(jìn)入逐漸變暖的海洋前勉強穿過峽灣，這時一些大型的半潛入水中的巨大冰體會斷裂開來，許多冰川學(xué)家認(rèn)為這是最重 要的一環(huán)。當(dāng)冰川通過峽灣后，這些緩慢流動、泛著波紋的融冰河流動速度將大大加快。

去年聯(lián)合國政府間氣候變化專家小組曾預(yù)測，本世紀(jì)海平面升幅上限為約 60 厘米， 但是，一些冰川學(xué)家擔(dān)心，隨著全球變暖不斷加劇，海平面升幅可能會遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于上述預(yù) 測。(上世紀(jì)，海平面上升幅度不到 30 厘米。)

專家小組的預(yù)測并沒有考慮到那些影響冰流的人類已知但尚未了解透徹的因素，只 有對這些因素有了全面認(rèn)識才能做出準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測?，F(xiàn)在正在開展一些科考活動，以確定格 陵蘭島和南極洲西部等冰川易融地區(qū)冰川的融化速度是否會繼續(xù)加快，其中包括實地考 察、衛(wèi)星分析以及研究過去地球溫暖周期的變化情況。

現(xiàn)在形勢肯定比各方五年前預(yù)估的情況要嚴(yán)峻得多。

第二部分 漢譯英試題一

中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。多年來，中國在致力于自身發(fā)展的同時，始終堅持向經(jīng)濟困 難的其他發(fā)展中國家提供力所能及的援助，承擔(dān)相應(yīng)國際義務(wù)。

中國仍量力而行，盡力開展對外援助，幫助受援國增強自主發(fā)展能力，豐富和改善人民生活，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會進(jìn)步。中國的對外援助，發(fā)展鞏固了與廣大發(fā)展中國家 的友好關(guān)系和經(jīng)貿(mào)合作，推動了南南合作，為人類社會共同發(fā)展作出了積極貢獻(xiàn)。

中國對外援助堅持平等互利，注重實效，與時俱進(jìn)，不附帶任何政治條件，形成了 具有自身特色的模式。

中國的對外援助政策具有鮮明的時代特征，符合自身國情和受援國發(fā)展需要。國是 世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家，人口多、底子薄、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展不平衡。發(fā)展仍然是中國長期面 臨的艱巨任務(wù)，這決定了中國的對外援助屬于南南合作范疇，是發(fā)展中國家間的相互幫 助。

中國對外援助政策堅持平等互利、共同發(fā)展、堅持與時俱進(jìn)。

當(dāng)前，全球發(fā)展環(huán)境依然十分嚴(yán)峻。國際金融危機影響尚未消退，氣候變化、糧食 危機、能源資源安全、流行性疾病等全球性問題給發(fā)展中國家?guī)硇碌奶魬?zhàn)，新形勢下， 中國對外援助事業(yè)任重道遠(yuǎn)。中國政府將著力優(yōu)化對外援助結(jié)構(gòu)，提高對外援助質(zhì)量， 進(jìn)一步增強受援國自主發(fā)展能力，提高援助的針對性和實效性。中國作為國際社會的重 要成員，將一如既往地推進(jìn)南南合作，在經(jīng)濟不斷發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上逐步加大對外援助投入， 與世界各國一道，推動實現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)，為建設(shè)持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界而不懈努力。

官方參考譯文：

China is a developing country. Over the years, while focusing on its own development, China has been providing aid to the best of its ability to other developing countries with economic difficulties, and fulfilling its due international obligations.

China remains a developing country with a low per-capita income and a large poverty-stricken population. In spite of this, China has been doing its best to provide foreign aid, to help recipient countries to strengthen their self-development capacity, enrich and improve their peoples? livelihood, and promote their economic growth and social progress. Through foreign aid, China has consolidated friendly relations and economic and trade cooperation with other developing countries, promoted South-South cooperation and contributed to the common development of mankind.

Adhering to equality and mutual benefit, stressing substantial results, and keeping pace with the times without imposing any political conditions on recipient countries, China? s foreign aid has emerged as a model with its own characteristics.

China?s foreign aid policy adheres to equality, mutual benefit and common development, and keeps pace with the times.

China?s foreign aid policy has distinct characteristics of the times. It is suited both to China?s actual conditions and the needs of the recipient countries. China has been constantly enriching, improving and developing the Eight Principles for Economic Aid and Technical Assistance to Other Countries — the guiding principles of China?s foreign aid put forward in the 1960s. China is the world?s largest developing country, with a large population, a poor foundation and uneven economic development. As development remains an arduous and long-standing task, China?s foreign aid falls into the category of South-South cooperation and is mutual help between developing countries.

Currently, the environment for global development is not favor-able. With the repercussions of the international financial crisis continuing to linger, global concerns such as climate change, food crisis, energy and resource security, and epidemic of diseases have brought new challenges to developing countries Against this background, China has a long way to go in providing foreign aid. The Chinese government will make efforts to optimize the country?s foreign aid structure, improve the quality of foreign aid, further increase recipient countries? capacity in independent development, and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of foreign aid. As an important member of the international community, China will continue to promote South-South cooperation, as it always has done, gradually increase its foreign aid input on the basis of the continuous development of its economy, promote the realization of the UN Millennium Development Goals, and make unremitting efforts to build, together with other countries, a prosperous and harmonious world with lasting peace.

參考譯文：

As a developing country, China has remained committed to aiding economically troubled/challenged developing countries within the realm of its capability and taking on corresponding international obligations while advancing its own development.

China provides foreign aid as its capacity permits as part of its efforts to assist recipient countries in building up their capacity of independent development, improving people?s well-being and fostering economic growth and social progress. China?s foreign aid commitments have solidified China?s friendship and business ties with the rest of the developing world, spurred South-South cooperation and contributed a lot to common development of humankind.

China?s foreign aid endeavors have distinctive Chinese features, as China offers foreign aid on the basis of equality and mutual benefit and in ways that are result-oriented, advance with the times and have no political strings attached.

China?s foreign aid policy is highly relevant as it reflects China?s own national reality and meets development needs of recipient countries. As the world?s largest developing country, China remains challenged by a large population, a weak economic foundation and uneven economic development. This means China has a long, hard journey to go before it gets fully developed/development remains a long-term, arduous task. In this connection, China ?s foreign aid falls under South-South cooperation and shall be defined as mutual assistance among developing countries.

China?s foreign aid policy is based on equality and mutual benefit, oriented towards common development and highly relevant to the dynamics of our times.

At the moment, global development environment remains rather grim/grave/daunting/challenging/formidable. The international financial crisis is still with us/we are still reeling from the impact of the international financial crisis, and developing countries are now exposed to emerging global challenges, such as climate change, food crisis, energy and resource insecurity, and epidemic outbreaks. This means China must remain committed to foreign aid efforts. Going forward, the Chinese government will work to upgrade its foreign aid mix, elevate the quality of foreign assistance to boost the capacity of aided countries in independent development, and make foreign aid available in a more relevant and timely fashion. As an important member of the international community, China will renew its commitment to push South-South cooperation forward and scale up its foreign aid as its economy grows. China will join the rest of the world in achieving the UN Millennium Development Goals and building a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.

漢譯英試題二

作為遠(yuǎn)古人類留給我們的寶貴的文化遺產(chǎn)，巖畫堪稱是記載人類早期社會生活的百科 全書，它不僅傳承著源遠(yuǎn)流長的古代文明，也是史前人類文化、宗教、民俗以及原始藝 術(shù)史的見證。

在世界上，中國巖畫是誕生最早、分布最廣、內(nèi)容最豐富的國家之一，而賀蘭山又 是華夏土地上遺存最集中、題材最廣泛、保存最完好的巖畫地區(qū)之一。在賀蘭山腹地， 共發(fā)現(xiàn) 20 余處遺存巖畫，其中最具代表性的是賀蘭山賀蘭口巖畫。

賀蘭山巖畫在山口內(nèi)外分布著近 6000 幅巖畫，其中罕為人見的人面像巖畫就有 70 幅之多。據(jù)考證，賀蘭山口巖畫是不同時期先后刻制的，大多為北方游牧民族創(chuàng)作.巖畫 造型粗獷稚拙、構(gòu)圖樸實自然，牛、馬、驢、鹿、鳥、虎等動物栩栩如生，各種人頭的造型同樣是千奇百態(tài)。憑著自己對社會現(xiàn)實的理解與感悟，對美好生活的追求與向往，把自己的親身感受與體驗，忠實地記錄在巖石之上，同時也為后人留下了神秘瑰麗的賀 蘭山巖畫。

有學(xué)者說賀蘭口是史前人類憑借自然魅力打造的祭祀圣地，又有專家認(rèn)為，賀蘭口 巖畫是象形文字前的圖畫文字，在文字沒有發(fā)明前，這里的人們艱難地把他們的理想、愿望、歡樂、悲傷，通過巖畫的形式表現(xiàn)出來。于是，在亙古不變的賀蘭山上，寫就了 一部史前人類的“天書”。

官方參考譯文：(缺)

其他參考譯文：

As an invaluable cultural legacy left over from ancient times, rock paintings can be collectively billed as an encyclopedia that documents how humankind ever lived in early days of human society. These time-honored paintings are convenient carriers of ancient civilizations and bear witness to pre-historic cultures, religions, folkways and primitive arts.

China is home to some of the earliest rock paintings of humankind, with its rock painting collection being one of the extensive in geographical distribution and the richest in subject matter worldwide. Helan Mountain is blessed with one of the largest concentrations of rock paintings in China. Rock paintings here are some of the best preserved in China covering the most extensive subject matters. Of 20-odd rock painting heritage sites discovered here so far, the most representative are Helankou paintings.

Of nearly 6,000 rock paintings inside and outside of Helanshankou or the Helan Mountain pass, up to 70 are rare paintings of human faces. Archeological findings suggest that Helankou paintings were carved at different periods of time and that most of them were creations of nomadic tribes in north China. These rock paintings are plain and simple in shape and style, featuring lifelike images of cows, horses, donkeys, deer, birds and tigers and diversified shapes of human heads. Ancient rock painters literally recorded in their works their perceptions of social realities and aspirations for a better life as well as their hands-on experience. This artistic documentation has translated into mysterious, magnificent rock painting legacy as we see today.

Some scholars argue that Helankou represents a pre-historic, naturally crafted shrine, while some others contend that Helankou rock paintings stand for pictograph which preceded hieroglyph. With the absence of written language back then, they say, local people resorted to these pictographic signs as a way of expressing their ideals, wishes, happiness and sadness.Thankfully, their painstaking efforts have resulted in an impressive pre-historic “book from heaven” carved on the eternally immutable Helan Mountain.