2018年耶魯大學校長畢業(yè)典禮演講

Graduates of the Class of 2018, family members, and friends. It’s a pleasure to be here with you today, a day filled with joy for the present and hope for the future. 

2018屆畢業(yè)生、家長們和朋友們。很高興今天能和你們在一起，今天充滿了歡樂，明天滿懷希望。

There is a wonderful Yale tradition that I would like to honor right now:

現(xiàn)在我將履行耶魯?shù)墓鈽s傳統(tǒng)：

May I ask all of the families and friends here today to rise and recognize the outstanding – and graduating – members of the Class of 2018?

請在坐的家長和朋友們起立，向杰出的2018屆畢業(yè)生致敬。

Well, that was enthusiastic. 

很好，很熱情。

May I now ask the Class of 2018 to consider for a moment all those who have supported your arrival at this milestone, and please rise and recognize them?

現(xiàn)在請2018屆的同學們考慮一下所有那些支持你到達今天的人，請起立并向他們致敬。

Thank you!

謝謝！

These are the months and years when people tend to make a lot of plans. Some are practical: you schedule flights and rent apartments and consider where you will live, work, or study after graduation. Others are more aspirational: you imagine your future life and what you wish to accomplish in the years ahead.

人們總是傾向于制定很多計劃。有些是實用的：比如你安排航班和租公寓，考慮你畢業(yè)后在哪里生活、工作或學習。還有其他更大的抱負：想象自己未來的生活，以及在未來的歲月里實現(xiàn)什么目標。

I want to begin by sharing a passage Pauli Murray wrote in 1945 about her aspirations. At the time, she was a young lawyer and civil rights activist. Here is the quotation: 

我想先分享一篇保羅默里在1945年寫的關于她的愿望的文章。當時，她是一名年輕的律師和民權活動家。這是引文：

“I intend to destroy segregation by positive and embracing methods,” Murray wrote. “When my brothers try to draw a circle to exclude me, I shall draw a larger circle to include them. Where they speak out for the privileges of a puny group, I shall shout for the rights of all mankind.” 

“我打算用積極的方法來摧毀種族隔離，”默里寫道?！爱斘业男值軅冊噲D畫一個圓圈來排斥我時，我將畫一個更大的圓圈來包容他們?！彼麄?yōu)樾∪后w的特權大聲疾呼，我將為全人類爭取權利?！?/p>

So, I ask you: How large will you draw your circle?

因此，我問你們：你們會畫多大的圈？

Will you draw a circle that is large, inclusive, and vibrant? Or will it be small, “puny,” and privileged?

你會畫一個包容,充滿活力的大圈子？還是一個拉幫結派的小圈子？

The work of inclusion is difficult, but the rewards are great.

包容很困難，但未來的回報卻很大。

Let me suggest ways you might follow the example of Pauli Murray – and many other Yale graduates – when you leave campus.

當你們離開校園以后，我建議你們向Pauli Murray和耶魯?shù)漠厴I(yè)生學習。

First, make sure your circles are truly large.

首先，確保你花的圈足夠大。

In today’s world, where you can have 700 followers on Twitter and a thousand friends on Facebook, it may seem easy to have a large circle. But if you’re bombarded with the same stories, the memes, and the same opinions from all your so-called friends, then your world may in fact be quite narrow. A conversation with six friends in real life actually may lead to a greater variety of ideas and perspectives.

今天的世界，你可以在Twitter上擁有700名關注者，在Facebook上有上千個好友，在這個世界上，擁有一個大的圈子似乎很容易。但是如果你和朋友擁有同樣的故事，相同的觀點，那么你的世界實際上可能是非常狹隘的。在現(xiàn)實生活中與六個朋友的對話實際上可能會帶來更加豐富的想法和觀點。

In my years at Yale, I have been privileged to know some of the most brilliant minds in the world. I have learned that the greatest scholars draw the largest circles. They read widely and are interested in ideas well beyond the scope of their own research and their own beliefs.

我在耶魯?shù)倪@些年里，我有幸結識了一些世界上最聰明的人。我了解到，最偉大的學者畫出的最大的圈子。他們廣泛閱讀，對超出他們自己的研究和理念以外的優(yōu)秀的觀點很感興趣。

Robert Dahl, who was a Sterling Professor of Political Science, taught at Yale for forty years. One of the most respected political scientists of his generation, Professor Dahl was an authority on democracy and on democratic institutions. And he was a beloved teacher and mentor.

Robert Dahl是一位優(yōu)秀的政治學教授，他在耶魯大學任教40年。Dahl教授是他這一代最受尊敬的政治學家之一，他是民主和民主制度的權威。他是一位受人愛戴的老師和導師。

After his death in 2014 at the age of 98, tributes from his former students poured in. One of his graduate students, Jeffrey Isaac, recalled how he vehemently disagreed with some of Dahl’s arguments, even though he loved taking his class. For his dissertation, Isaac proposed writing a critique of Dahl’s theories. Much to his surprise, the most enthusiastic and supportive member of the faculty in the Department of Politic Science was Dahl himself! He agreed to supervise the dissertation.

他在2014年去世，享年98歲，他以前的學生們紛紛向他表示哀悼。他的一名研究生Jeffrey Isaac回憶起他對Dahl的一些觀點的反對，盡管他喜歡上他的課。在他的論文中，Isaac提出了對達爾理論的批判。令他驚訝的是，在政治系，最熱情、最支持他的人是Dahl本人！他同意擔任自己的論文導師。

Isaac wrote, “Bob Dahl spent countless hours in his office talking with me about my principal theoretical antagonist – him! We would discuss this guy ‘Dahl’ in the third person, we consider the limits of his arguments, we speculate about how he might respond to my arguments.” 

Isaac寫到：Bob Dahl 花費大量時間在辦公室里和我討論論文的觀點，以及要反駁的人---他自己。我們客觀的討論這個人，以及他論點的局限性。

Professor Dahl embraced his critics, listened to them, and conversed with them, a model of open and engaged scholarship and teaching – the best we can aspire to at Yale.

Dahl教授接受了他的批評，傾聽他們的觀點，并與他們交談，這是一種開放的、積極的學術和教學模式——這是我們在耶魯所能追求的最好的東西。

The lesson extends beyond our campus. Our greatest challenges as a society – climate change, poverty, insecurity, violence – demand innovative and creative solutions. Yet, political polarization is making it more difficult than ever to solve these problems. We must be able to talk with our opponents even though we disagree with them.

這一課超出了我們的校園范圍。作為社會，我們面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)——氣候變化、貧困、動蕩和暴力——需要創(chuàng)新和創(chuàng)造性的解決方案。然而，政治上的兩極分化使得解決這些問題比以往任何時候都更加困難。即使我們不同意他們的觀點，我們也必須能夠與我們的對手對話。

、

We might start by emulating Professor Dahl – and so many other wise and generous thinkers who have drawn large circles and so added to the sum of human understanding.

我們可以效仿 Dahl教授和其他睿智通達的思想家，畫一個大圈來增加人類的認知水平。

My second piece of advice – and here, I am taking some liberties with the metaphor – is to draw as many circles as you can.

我的第二條建議，盡你所能，畫出更多的圈來。

One circle will be your work. Make sure you enjoy it, but make sure you have other circles as well.

確保你有一個喜歡的工作圈，還要確保你有其他的圈子

We know one of the keys to happiness is developing a passion – even an expertise – outside of work. Sharing that passion with others gives us great joy, and it connects us to circles of friends and associates who might be very different from the ones we would meet otherwise.

我們知道，幸福的關鍵之一是在工作之外培養(yǎng)一種愛好——甚至是一種專業(yè)技能。與他人分享這種愛好給我們帶來巨大的快樂，它將我們與朋友和同事的圈子聯(lián)系在一起，他們可能與我們遇到的那些人截然不同。

As many of you are aware, I am quite passionate about music from the Appalachian Mountain region. My love of traditional country and bluegrass music has allowed me to visit places such as southwest Virginia and eastern Kentucky. 

你們很多人都知道，我對來自阿那達山地區(qū)的音樂充滿熱情。我對傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村音樂和藍草音樂的熱愛，可以帶我了解一些地方，比如西南弗吉尼亞西南部和肯塔基東部。

It has allowed me to chair the board of the International Bluegrass Music Museum, and to play bass – for thirty years now – with the Professors of Bluegrass. It enables me to share stories and songs with perfect strangers at summertime bluegrass festivals. 

它讓我可以擔任國際藍草音樂博物館的董事會主席，并與藍草的教授們一起演奏了30年的貝斯。它使我能夠在夏季藍草節(jié)上與完全陌生的人分享故事和歌曲。

Most significantly, though, it has led to circles of friendship beyond the towns in which I grew up, beyond the universities I attended, and beyond my profession of psychology.

然而，最重要的是，它已經引領我走向成長的城鎮(zhèn)之外的朋友圈，超越了我所就讀的大學，超越了我的心理學專業(yè)。

I am, of course, proud to be a psychologist, and my discipline in fact does provide some empirical evidence to support my personal experience.

當然，我很自豪能成為一名心理學家，而我的學科確實提供了一些經驗證據(jù)來支持我的個人經歷。

Patricia Linville is a social psychologist who studies how people think of themselves and how these self-perceptions influence well-being. She is now at Duke, but she was my teacher here at Yale when she completed several studies of what she terms “self-complexity.”

Patricia Linville是一位社會心理學家，她研究人們如何看待自己，以及這些自我認知如何影響幸福感。她現(xiàn)在在杜克大學，但她是我在耶魯?shù)睦蠋?，她還完成了幾項關于她所說的“自我復雜性”的研究。

Greater “self-complexity,” according to Linville, means a person has many aspects of themselves. In other words, they draw many circles. For example, a woman who thinks of herself as a student, a marathon runner, a theater-goer, a reader of the New Yorker magazine, and – let’s say – a bass player in a bluegrass band would demonstrate greater self-complexity than someone who thinks of himself only as a lawyer.

根據(jù)林維爾的說法，更大的“自我復雜性”意味著一個人有很多方面。換句話說，他們畫了很多圈。舉個例子，一個認為自己是學生的女人，一個馬拉松運動員，一個看戲劇的人，一個紐約客雜志的讀者，還有——比方說——一個藍草樂隊的貝斯手，會比那些只認為自己是律師的人表現(xiàn)出更大的自我復雜性。

Professor Linville, in her research, found that greater self-complexity acts as a “buffer” against negative experiences. For example, if you define yourself almost entirely in terms of your job, getting passed over for a promotion might be devastating for your sense of self-worth. Linville calls this “putting all your eggs in one cognitive basket.” People such as our marathon-running bass player, on the other hand, bounce back more quickly after a setback. Linville even found that college students with greater self-complexity were less likely to get sick or experience depression or stress. 

Linville教授在她的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)，更大的自我復雜性可以作為對抗消極經歷的“緩沖”。舉個例子，如果你幾乎完全按照你的工作來定義自己，那么被升職可能會對你的自我價值感造成毀滅性的打擊。林維爾稱之為“把所有的雞蛋放在一個認知籃子里”。“另一方面，像我們馬拉松式的貝斯手這樣的人在遭遇挫折后會更快地恢復過來?！绷志S爾甚至發(fā)現(xiàn)，擁有更大的自我復雜性的大學生不太可能生病或經歷抑郁或壓力。

Third and finally, let me suggest one important way we can expand our circles – by reaching out and engaging with others.

第三點也是最后一點，我給你們一個最重要的建議，我們可以通過與他人接觸和交流來擴大我們的圈子。

Here, I would like to turn again to Pauli Murray and one of her more surprising relationships.

在這里，我想再次提及Pauli Murray和他的令人意外的關系。

Murray’s papers contain thousands of letters – a reflection of a full life, animated by many interests, commitments, and relationships. A life of many circles.

默里的論文包含了成千上萬的信件——反映了被許多興趣、承諾和關系所激發(fā)完整的生活。有許多圈子的生活。

During her time at Yale Law School, Murray received a letter from William S. Beinecke, a member of the Yale College Class of 1936. Now that name will sound familiar to everyone here. The Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library is named for William’s father and two uncles, and many other programs and places at Yale have benefited from the family’s remarkable philanthropy.

在耶魯大學法學院讀書期間，默里收到了威廉s貝納克的一封信，他是1936年耶魯大學畢業(yè)班的學生?，F(xiàn)在這個名字聽起來很熟悉。Beinecke稀有圖書和手稿圖書館以威廉的父親和兩個叔叔的名字命名，耶魯?shù)脑S多其他項目和地點都受益于這個家庭卓越的慈善事業(yè)。

Bill Beinecke passed away just last month; he was nearly 104 years old – in fact, Tuesday’s his birthday. In 1963, when he wrote Murray, he was chairman of the Sperry and Hutchison Company, a venerable American company founded by his grandfather. (Your parents and grandparents may remember S&H Green Stamps – Sperry and Hutchison.) Beinecke was a leader in corporate America and a wealthy and powerful man.

Bill Beinecke上個月剛剛去世;他已經快104歲了——事實上，星期二是他的生日。1963年，當他寫默里的時候，他是Sperry和和記黃埔的董事長，這是一家由他的祖父創(chuàng)立的可敬的美國公司。（你的父母和祖父母可能還記得S&H綠色郵票——斯佩里和和記黃埔。）Beinecke是美國企業(yè)界的領袖，也是一位富有而有權勢的人。

He had met Murray at an event at Yale, and not long after that, he wrote her a letter. He enclosed a clipping from Time magazine about race relations in the United States and he asked Murray what she thought.

他在耶魯大學的一個活動上遇到了默里，不久之后，他給她寫了一封信。他附上了時代雜志關于美國種族關系的剪報，他問默里她是怎么想的。

Murray responded. A few weeks later, he sent her another article and asked her opinion again, this time about school integration. She wrote back. At one point, Murray wrote Beinecke a four-page, single-spaced, typed letter on what she called the “imponderables on the issue of race.” Their correspondence continued for weeks, with interesting and frank letters on both sides.

穆雷回應道。幾周后，他又給她發(fā)了一篇文章，再次問了她的意見，這次是關于學校的整合。她寫道。有一次，默里寫了一篇四頁的、單行距的、打字的信，上面寫著她所謂的“關于種族問題的不可理解的東西”。他們的通信持續(xù)了好幾個星期，雙方都有一些有趣而又坦率的信件。

Beinecke and Murray – both exemplars of the Yale tradition – were able to sustain a conversation despite differences in gender, differences in family background, differences in race, differences in class, and much more. We don’t know whether or not they entirely agreed with one another, but we can imagine they learned a lot from the exchange. All because two individuals decided to reach beyond their normal circles.

Beinecke和Murray——這兩個耶魯傳統(tǒng)的典范——都能夠維持一段對話，盡管性別差異、家庭背景差異、種族差異、階級差異等等。我們不知道他們是否完全同意對方的意見，但我們可以想象他們從這次交流中學到了很多東西。這一切都是因為兩個人決定超越他們的正常圈子。

Beinecke’s decision to write Murray did not take place in a vacuum. In the 1950s, he attended a discussion at Yale Law School on the topic of American race relations. Not long after, he decided to look into Sperry and Hutchinson’s hiring practices. He learned that the employment agency vetting applications for his company was screening out African Americans, removing them from the pool before their applications ever reached Sperry & Hutchinson. Beinecke ended the practice.

Beinecke決定寫默里并不是在真空中進行的。20世紀50年代，他參加了耶魯大學法學院的一場關于美國種族關系的討論。不久之后，他決定調查斯佩里和哈金森的招聘行為。他了解到，職業(yè)介紹所審查他的公司的申請是在篩選非裔美國人，在他們的申請到達斯佩里和哈金森之前把他們從泳池里清除出去。 Beinecke終止了這種做法。

He also supported scholarships for underprivileged high school students and established a fellowship for students of color at Yale Law School. It was in the course of this work that he met Murray and initiated their correspondence, hoping to bridge the gulf that separated his experience from hers.

他還為貧困的高中生提供獎學金，并在耶魯大學法學院設立了一個有色人種學生獎學金。正是在這項工作的過程中，他遇到了默里，并開始了他們的通信，希望能彌合他與她的經歷之間的鴻溝。

Bill Beinecke’s life was made up of different circles. He led efforts to improve New York’s Central Park, he supported environmental causes, he was dedicated to the game of golf, and he remained an ardent champion of Yale and its students, among the other interests.

比爾比內克的生活是由不同的圈子組成的。他領導了改善紐約中央公園的努力，他支持環(huán)保事業(yè)，他致力于高爾夫運動，他仍然是耶魯大學及其學生的熱心擁護者，還包括其他的興趣愛好。

And what about Pauli Murray, who as a young person promised to “draw a larger circle” in her life? One month after writing her last letter to Bill Beinecke, she participated in the historic March on Washington, which she helped organize. While finishing her Doctor of Jurisprudence degree here at Yale, she drafted an influential legal memo, helping to ensure that “sex” was included in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Murray’s other circles included writing poetry and teaching. At the age of 67, she became the first African-American woman ordained as an Episcopal priest, continuing her lifelong commitment to reconciliation and understanding.

那么，作為一個年輕人，他承諾在她的生活中“畫一個更大的圈子”，那又如何呢？在給比爾拜內克寫完最后一封信的一個月后，她參加了在華盛頓舉行的歷史性的游行，她幫助組織了這次游行。在耶魯大學完成法學博士學位時，她起草了一份有影響力的法律備忘錄，幫助確?！靶浴痹?964年的民權法案中得到了體現(xiàn)。默里的其他圈子包括寫詩和教學。在67歲的時候，她成為了第一位被任命為圣公會牧師的非裔美國婦女，繼續(xù)她的終身通訊。

Enlarging our circles is far from easy. It requires courage, but also imagination and curiosity about our fellow human beings. It rejects fear and suspicion. It demands that we listen to each other. It measures the limits of our humanity.

擴大我們的圈子絕非易事。它需要勇氣，但也需要想象力和對我們人類同胞的好奇心。它拒絕恐懼和懷疑。它要求我們互相傾聽。它衡量我們人性的極限。

Both Pauli Murray and Bill Beinecke drew such large circles – and so many circles – that their lives intersected. I urge you to do the same. Draw many circles; make them large in all kinds of ways. You will find life richer, fuller, and more meaningful, and you will bring to the world the empathy and understanding we so desperately need.

泡利默里和比爾拜內克都畫了這么大的圈子——還有很多圈子——他們的生活交織在一起。我建議你們也這么做。畫許多圓圈;讓它們以各種方式變得更大。你會發(fā)現(xiàn)生活更豐富、更充實、更有意義，你會給這個世界帶來我們迫切需要的同理心和理解。

Members of the Class of 2018, it is time to leave the garden and go into the woods (worlds), please rise. 

2018屆的同學們，是時候離開花園，進入森林（世界）了，請起立。

As you go on to a “world that is all before you hand in hand with wandering steps and slow,” bring to that world all that your Yale education has given you: the ability to engage critically even while listening respectfully, to respond creatively to challenges and obstacles; to embrace your responsibilities while finding happiness, and to draw ever-wider circle – the circle of belonging, the circles of understanding in this world.

當你走到一個“在你手牽著手，慢慢前進的世界之前”的世界，把你的耶魯教育給你的所有東西帶到這個世界：在傾聽的同時，批判性地參與，對挑戰(zhàn)和障礙做出創(chuàng)造性的回應;在尋找幸福的同時，擁抱你的責任，并畫出更廣闊的圈子——這是一個屬于你的圈子，是這個世界上的理解圈。

We are delighted…we are delighted to salute your accomplishments, and we are proud of your achievements. Remember, though, to give thanks for all that has brought you to this day. And go forth from this place with grateful hearts, paying back the gifts you have received here by using your minds, your voices, and your hands to strengthen your new communities and the world.

我們很高興。我們很高興向你的成就致敬，我們?yōu)槟愕某删透械津湴痢２贿^，要記住，要感謝今天帶給你的一切。然后帶著感恩的心離開這個地方，用你的思想，你的聲音，和你的雙手來回報你在這里所得到的禮物，以加強你的新社區(qū)和世界。

Congratulations, Class of 2018! 

恭喜,2018級畢業(yè)生!