走進(jìn)劍橋大學(xué) 第25期:數(shù)學(xué)巨匠華羅庚
Hua Luogeng
數(shù)學(xué)巨匠華羅庚
Hua Luogeng was the first world-famous scholar returned from overseas upon the founding of the People's Republic of China. He fostered and educated many mathematicians of New China, his influence lasting several generations. He was a fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences and the first Chinese member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences since its foundation in the late 19th Century. English mathematician Harry Bateman once praised Hua as “China's Einstein，” saying he was worthy to be a member of any famous science academy around the world. Mathematical accomplishments named after him include Hua's theorem, Weil-Hua inequation, Hua's inequation, Brauer-Cartan-Hua theorem and Hua matrices.
華羅庚是新中國成立后，從海外歸來的第一位國際知名學(xué)者。他為新中國培養(yǎng)了一大批數(shù)學(xué)人才，影晌了好幾代人。他是第三世界科學(xué)院院士，也是美國科學(xué)院自19世紀(jì)末成立以來的第一位中國院士。英國數(shù)學(xué)家哈利貝特曼曾把華羅庚譽(yù)為“中國的愛因斯坦”，并說他足以成為全世界所有著名科學(xué)院的院士。在國際上以華氏命名的數(shù)學(xué)科研成果就有“華氏定理”“懷依一華不等式”“華氏不等式”、“普勞威爾一加當(dāng)華定理”“華氏算子”等。
In 1936, Hua went to Cambridge University to study. During the following two years, he wrote 18 articles, of which “Hua's theorem” actually persuaded the famous English mathematician G.H. Hardy to revise one of his works just before its publication. Hua also solved the problem of a complete triangle sum estimation put forward by Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss, arousing a sensation in the university and becoming regarded as the “glory of Cambridge”. After returning to China, he became a professor in Southwest Associated University and an academician of Academia Sinica (predecessor to Chinese Academy of Sciences in the PRC), His greatest work Additive Theory of Prime Numbers finished in 1942 won him First-Class honors in natural science. Later, he went to the Soviet Union and the United States to give lectures and was invited to be a researcher at Princeton Research Institute and tenured professor of Illinois University. He was the first chair of the Department of Mathematics and vice president of Universityof Science and Technology of China (USTC), head of Mathematics Institute and later Institute of Applied Mathematics of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), academician and vice president of CAS. In 1957, his work Harmonic analysis of functions of several complex variables in the classical domains won the first prize of State inventions.
1936年，華羅庚前往劍橋大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。在接下來的兩年時(shí)間里，他寫了18篇論文， 其中關(guān)于“華氏定理”的那篇甚至說服了英國著名數(shù)學(xué)家哈代親自操刀對(duì)其進(jìn)行發(fā)表前的修改。他解決了高斯完整三角和估計(jì)的歷史難題，曾在劍橋引起轟動(dòng),并被稱作“劍橋的榮光”。回國后，他在西南聯(lián)合大學(xué)執(zhí)教，并當(dāng)選為中國中央研究院士（中國科學(xué)院前身）。在1942完成的《堆壘素?cái)?shù)論》為他在自然科學(xué)領(lǐng)域贏得了很高的聲譽(yù)。之后，他前往原蘇聯(lián)和美國訪問講學(xué)，期間曾任美國普林斯頓高等研究院研究員，并被伊利諾伊大學(xué)聘為終身教授。華羅庚還曾擔(dān)任中國科學(xué)院數(shù)學(xué)研究所第一任所長，中國科技大學(xué)副校長，中國數(shù)學(xué)會(huì)理事長，中國科學(xué)院應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)研究所所長， 中國科學(xué)院副院長等職。1957年，他的《多復(fù)變數(shù)函數(shù)論中的曲型域的調(diào)和分析》為他贏得了國家發(fā)明獎(jiǎng)的一等將。
In the beginning of the 1960s, he applied mathematics to the national economy in a creative way, sorting out optimization aiming at improving craftsmanship and overall planning to handle the organization and management of production. He led a team to promote the two new methods in more than 20 provinces and. municipalities around the country, achieving obvious economic profit. Early in 1964，he wrote to Chairman Mao Zedong, Mao then wrote back to him cherishing his “high aspirations” and offering his congratulations. He died of a heart attack in 1985 while giving a lecture in the University of Tokyo in Japan.
20世紀(jì)60年代初，他創(chuàng)造性地把數(shù)學(xué)應(yīng)用于促進(jìn)國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。他發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)學(xué)中的統(tǒng)籌法和優(yōu)選法是在工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中能夠被普遍應(yīng)用的方法，可以提高工作效率，改變工作管理方式。他帶領(lǐng)了一個(gè)小分隊(duì)前往全國20多個(gè)省市去推廣統(tǒng)籌法和優(yōu)選法， 結(jié)果取得了明顯的經(jīng)濟(jì)成效。1964年初，他給毛主席寫信，之后毛主席親筆回函道：“詩和信己經(jīng)收讀。壯志凌云，可喜可賀。”1985年，他在日本東京大學(xué)講學(xué)時(shí)因突發(fā)急性心肌梗塞而倒在了講臺(tái)上。
