走進(jìn)劍橋大學(xué) 第14期:湖畔詩(shī)人華玆華斯
William Wordsworth
湖畔詩(shī)人華玆華斯
Wordsworth was one of the most influential of England's Romantic poets.
華茲華斯是最有影響力的英格蘭浪漫主義詩(shī)人之一。
William Wordsworth was bom on 7 April 1770 at Cockermouth in Cumbria. His father was a lawyer. Both Wordsworth’s parents died before he was 15，and he and his four siblings were left in the care of different relatives. As a young man, Wordsworth developed a love of nature, a theme reflected in many of his poems.
威廉華茲華斯在1770年4月7日出生于昆布蘭郡科克茅斯。他的父親是一名律師。他15歲之前父母就雙亡了，他和四兄弟姐妹由不同的親戚撫養(yǎng)成人。年輕的華茲華斯對(duì)自然產(chǎn)生了一種愛(ài)，這是他許多詩(shī)歌中所反映的主題。
While studying at Cambridge University, Wordsworth spent a summer holiday on a walking tour in Switzerland and France, He became an enthusiast for the ideals of the French Revolution.
還在劍撟大學(xué)讀書(shū)時(shí)，華茲華斯就用一個(gè)暑假徒步到瑞士和法國(guó)旅行。他成為了法國(guó)大革命的狂熱支持者。
In 1795, Wordsworth received a legacy from a relative and he and his sister Dorothy went to live in Dorset. Two years later they moved again, this time to Somerset, to live near the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who was an admirer of Wordsworth’s work. They collaborated on Lyrical Ballads，published in 1798. This collection of poems, mostly by Wordsworth but with Coleridge contributing The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, is generally taken to mark the beginning of the Romantic Movement in English poetry. The poems were greeted with hostility by most critics at that time.
1795年，華茲華斯從他一個(gè)親威那里繼承了一筆遺產(chǎn)，隨后他和妹妹多蘿西搬去多寒特郡居住。兩年之后他們又搬家，這次是搬到薩默塞特郡，詩(shī)人塞繆爾泰勒柯勒律治就住在附近。柯勒律治非常欣賞華茲華斯的作品。他們倆合作完成了《抒情歌謠集》，并在1798年出版。這本詩(shī)集里的詩(shī)絕大部分是由華茲華斯所作，而柯勒律治只寫(xiě)了《古舟子詠》。這本詩(shī)集被普遍認(rèn)為是英國(guó)詩(shī)歌浪漫主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的開(kāi)端。但當(dāng)時(shí)大部分評(píng)論家對(duì)這些詩(shī)歌持否定態(tài)度。
In 1799，after a visit to Germany with Coleridge, Wordsworth and Dorothy settled at Dove Cottage in Grasmere in the Lake District. Coleridge lived nearby with his family. Wordsworth's most famous poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud was written at Dove Cottage in 1804.
1799年，在和柯勒律治游歷了德國(guó)之后，華茲華斯和多蘿西定居在格拉斯米爾湖區(qū)的鴿舍?？吕章芍蝿t住在他家附近。華茲華斯最有名的詩(shī) 《我好似一朵流云獨(dú)自漫游》就是在1804年作于鴿舍的。
In 1802, Wordsworth married a childhood friend, Mary Hutchinson. The next few years were personally difficult for Wordsworth, Two of his children died, his brother was drowned at sea and Dorothy suffered a mental breakdown. His political views underwent a transformation around the turn of the century, and he became increasingly conservative, disillusioned by events in France culminating in Napoleoti Bonaparte taking power.
1802年，華茲華斯和兒時(shí)的玩伴瑪麗郝金生結(jié)婚。但華茲斯在接下來(lái)的幾年里備受煎熬，他的兩個(gè)孩子不幸夭折，他的兄弟溺水而亡，妹妹多蘿西精神崩潰。大約在世紀(jì)之交，華茲華斯的政治觀念發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變，他變得越來(lái)越保守。法國(guó)發(fā)生的事情使他的政治幻想破滅，尤其是拿破侖波拿巴的掌權(quán)使他失望透頂。
In 1813, Wordsworth moved from Grasmere to nearby Ambelside. He continued to write poetry, but it was never as great as his early works. In 1843，words worth became poet Laureate, Wordsworth died on 23 April 1850 and was buried in Grasmere churchyard. His great autobiographical poem, The Prelude, which he had worked on since 1798, was published after his death.
1813年，華茲華斯從格拉斯米爾搬到了附近的安布爾賽德。他繼續(xù)寫(xiě)詩(shī)，但所取得的成就不如他早期的創(chuàng)作。1843年華茲華斯榮獲“桂冠詩(shī)人”稱(chēng)號(hào)。華茲華斯于1850年4月23日辭世，葬于格拉斯米爾墓。他偉大的自傳體詩(shī)《序言》寫(xiě)于1798年，他去世后才得以發(fā)表。
