侏羅紀(jì)搏擊俱樂(lè)部 第140期:爭(zhēng)奪相同的食物資源
在冰期末期整個(gè)世界冰消雪解。植物和動(dòng)物絕望地掙扎求生。
The disruption triggered a massive food shortage.
這一混亂引發(fā)了嚴(yán)重的食物匱乏。
There was more competition for the available resources.
對(duì)于可用資源的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)更加激烈。
This would tend to bring together big carnivores, because if you are lacking a lot of resources, there's going to be more stealing of carcasses and more confrontational type things going on between the large lions and bears and carnivores that depend on these big herbivores for their daily food.
這往往將各種大型食肉動(dòng)物聚集在一起，因?yàn)橐琴Y源匱乏的話，在大型獅子、熊和其它以這些大型植食動(dòng)物為生的食肉動(dòng)物中會(huì)出現(xiàn)更多盜食尸體現(xiàn)象并會(huì)發(fā)生更多對(duì)抗性沖突。
In order to understand the range of the bear and lion, paleontologists actually gather evidence from a variety of different locations.
為了能夠了解這些熊和獅子的活動(dòng)范圍，古生物學(xué)家收集來(lái)自各種不同地點(diǎn)的證據(jù)。
They look for fossils and they discover that both bear and lion bones are found together as far north as Alaska, as far east as Florida, and really as far south as South America.
他們尋找化石并且發(fā)現(xiàn)同時(shí)找到短面熊和擬獅的地方，最北到阿拉斯加，最東到佛羅里達(dá)，最南到達(dá)了南美洲。
So by comparing all these areas, they're able to figure out that these two predators were living together at the same time and therefore competing for the same food source.
通過(guò)對(duì)比這些地方，他們最終確認(rèn)這兩種掠食者生活在同一時(shí)期，因此爭(zhēng)奪相同的食物資源。
The bear had a hunting range of up to 200 square miles.
短面熊的狩獵范圍可達(dá)200平方英里。
Only a severe food shortage would have pushed him to invade another predator's territory.
只有嚴(yán)重的食物匱乏才會(huì)迫使它入侵另一掠食者的領(lǐng)地。
When two giant predators, like the mega-lion and short faced bear, inhabit the same territory, they would most certainly fight for dominance.
當(dāng)兩種巨大的掠食者，比如擬獅和短面熊，在同一領(lǐng)地生活，它們一定會(huì)為爭(zhēng)奪控制權(quán)而爭(zhēng)斗。
Each animal would try to kill the other to remove the competition.
每一個(gè)動(dòng)物都想置對(duì)方于死地以消除競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
Carnivores will often protect their territory and their range just because they don't like each other, and not because they're hungry.
食肉動(dòng)物經(jīng)常只是因?yàn)樗鼈儾幌矚g彼此就保衛(wèi)它們的領(lǐng)地和勢(shì)力范圍，而不是因?yàn)轲囸I。
It's just that: "You're in my territory. You're not welcome here. I'm going to kill you".
只是：“你進(jìn)了我的地盤，這里不歡迎你，我要?dú)⒘四?rdquo;。
However, when investigators studied the bones of the lion and bear, there were no bite marks.
但是，當(dāng)調(diào)查者研究這些獅子和熊的骨頭時(shí)，并沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)咬痕。
But experts believe that actually supports the theory that they fought to eliminate competition.
然而專家們相信那確實(shí)支持了這一理論，說(shuō)它們?yōu)榱讼麥绺?jìng)爭(zhēng)而戰(zhàn)。
That's why we don't find bite marks on the bones of either of these animals.
這就是我們?cè)谶@兩種動(dòng)物骨頭上為什么找不到咬痕的原因。
When they fought, they fought to kill the other guy, not to eat him.
它們的打斗意在殺死對(duì)方而不是吃掉它。
Bite marks on bones usually happen after the meat has been removed and the bones are exposed.
骨頭上的咬痕一般是在肉被吃掉后骨頭露出來(lái)時(shí)留下的。
But if you're not eating the meat, then you're not exposing the bones and therefore you don't leave bite marks behind.
但要是不吃肉，就不會(huì)讓骨頭露出來(lái)，因此也就不會(huì)留下咬痕。
