侏羅紀(jì)搏擊俱樂部 第111期:它在南美洲有親戚
瑪君龍的名字來自兩個詞語，其一是“馬任加”就是發(fā)現(xiàn)這種恐龍的馬達(dá)加斯加的一個行政區(qū)名，另一個詞語“tholus”，拉丁文意義是穹頂。
This hideous-looking dinosaur first appeared 70 million years ago and lived up into the end of the Cretaceous when all dinosaurs went extinct about 65 million years ago.
這種面貌猙獰的恐龍最早出現(xiàn)于七千萬年前，一直生活到六千五百萬年前所有恐龍一起滅絕的白堊紀(jì)末期。
Its remains are only found on the Island Madagascar, but it has relatives in South America.
其骨骸只有在馬達(dá)加斯加島被發(fā)現(xiàn)過，不過它在南美洲有親戚。
That proves that at one time, Africa, Madagascar, India and South America were all connected in the super continent of Pangaea.
那證明了非洲、馬達(dá)加斯加、印度和南美洲曾經(jīng)都聯(lián)系在泛大陸的超級大陸上。
Majungasaurus belonged to a family of dinosaurs called the Abelisaurids.
瑪君龍屬于叫做阿貝力龍的恐龍家族。
This family of dinosaurs shared several characteristics.
這家族的恐龍有幾種共同特點(diǎn)。
The Abelisaurids are a group of meat eating dinosaurs, descendents of creatures similar to Ceratosaurus from the Jurassic period.
阿貝力龍是一組肉食恐龍，是類似于侏羅紀(jì)時期角鼻龍的生物的后代。
The Abelisaurids tended to have relatively short faces.
阿貝力龍往往有相對短的臉。
They tended to have very think snorts and had very short, bizarre arms where the hands are very, very small and the forearms are short enough, so they are basically just wrists.
它們往往有較厚的鼻口部和非常短小怪異的前肢，其手部非常之小，它的前臂很短基本就是一個腕子。
The Abelisaurids started off as a sort of secondary predator, a middling sizes predator in the southern continents.
阿貝力龍一開始時是南部各大洲一種體型中等的次級掠食者。
But in the late Cretaceous, when the Allosaurus had finally all died out, the Abelisaurus took over, and if you were in South America, or Africa, or India, or Madagascar, your greatest fear would be a Abelisaurus.
不過到了白堊紀(jì)后期，異特龍已經(jīng)徹底消失，阿貝力龍就接任了，如果你那時在南美洲、非洲印度或馬達(dá)加斯加島，你最大的恐懼便是阿貝力龍了。
Some of the early description said it's a face that only a mother could love.
有些早期的描述說這張臉只有親媽能喜歡。
It's a very ugly, rugose headed dinosaur.
這是一種頭部多皺的丑陋恐龍。
Its nasalis are completely covered with lots of little pits and divots in the skull.
它腦袋上的鼻肌完全被眾多的坑坑包包所覆蓋。
It's a very ugly dinosaur, but very cool-looking dinosaur to paleontologists.
它是非常丑陋的恐龍，但在古生物學(xué)家眼中卻很酷。
Along with its unusual face, Majungasaurus spouted a horn that jutted out from the middle of its forehead.
除了臉部長相非同尋常之外，瑪君龍的額頭正中還長出來了一個角。
This menacing spike may have served an important social function.
這個嚇人的尖狀物也許會有重要的社會功能。
When the first really nice skulls of Majungasaurus were found, one of the things that was very apparent was that there was this very complicated and rough looking bump on top of it head.
當(dāng)人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了第一個完好的瑪君龍頭骨時，很明顯的事情之一就是它頭上有這個看來很復(fù)雜也很粗糙的突起。
Now we see that lots of different kinds of dinosaurs, including many kinds of predatory dinosaurs like Ceratosaurus, and Allosaurus, and even some specimens of Tyrannosaurus, have various kinds of horn-like structures or bumpy structures on their head.
我們現(xiàn)在知道多種不同恐龍，包括很多種掠食恐龍，比如角鼻龍和異特龍，甚至一些種類的暴龍，頭上都有各種角狀結(jié)構(gòu)或是突起的結(jié)構(gòu)。
