侏羅紀搏擊俱樂部 第108期:鳥類有非常特化的肺

Utahraptor stood 3 meters tall and weighed over half a ton, which made it a top predator of the middle Cretaceous period.

猶他盜龍站立時高三米，體重達半噸，這使其成為白堊紀中期的一個頂級掠食者。

The Raptor family is made up of a lot of different individual dinosaurs.

迅猛龍家族由很多種不同的恐龍構成。

Deinonychus and Dromaeosaurus are examples of Raptors.

恐爪龍和馳龍都屬于迅猛龍。

These animals are built a lot like birds.

這些動物構造很像鳥類。

Well, when we look at the skeletal design of a Raptor, what we see is very similar to that of a modern turkey or a road runner.

當我們觀察迅猛龍的骨骼構造時，我們看到的東西非常類似于現(xiàn)代火雞或槲鸛。

So like modern birds, their bones are hollow.

所以和現(xiàn)代鳥類一樣，它們的骨頭是中空的。

This means they are very lightly built, but they are still very strong.

這意味著它們的重量非常輕，但是它們仍然非常結實。

It allows them to run at high rate of speed, but still engage in full-on fights.

這使得迅猛龍能以較高速度奔跑，但還能進行全力戰(zhàn)斗。

But a recent discovery proves that Raptors were even more closely related to birds than once suspected.

一個最近的發(fā)現(xiàn)證明迅猛龍與鳥類的親緣關系比之前想象得更近。

Birds have really specialized lungs.

鳥類有非常特化的肺。

What they do is, they have a series of air sacks throughout the body, some of them even enter their vertebrae, that fill up with air and push air out, and fill up with air and push air out, like a series of bellows.

它們全身有一系列的氣囊，有一些甚至進入到它們的脊椎里，氣囊充氣然后排氣，然后再充氣排氣，就像一系列風箱。

But for the Raptors, the air goes into their lungs, but then it's just distributed into vertebra and bones throughout the entire body.

但迅猛龍，空氣進入到它們的肺，然后直接分散進入脊椎和全身各處的骨頭。

This is why they are so fast and deadly as hunters.

這就是為什么它們成了又快又狠的獵手。

Fresh air only travels one way into his body and fueled them with plenty of oxygen.

新鮮空氣在它們身體內是單向運動為它們帶來了大量氧氣。

Like all members of this family, Utahraptor had massive claws on its hands and feet and used them to slice and dice its meal.

跟這個家族的所以成員一樣，猶他盜龍四肢都有巨大的爪子并用它們來切割它的美食。

The killing claw on the foot of Utahraptor like on Dromaeosaurus is definitely his primary weapon.

猶他盜龍腳上的獵殺爪和馳龍的類似肯定是它的首要武器。

It had stout powerful legs and the claw tended to be... that the bone core of the claw is aound 8 inches, so with the keratin sheath, that could have been up to 12 inches or longer.

它的腿粗壯有力其爪子往往…爪子里的骨質部分長約8英寸，所以加上外面的角質鞘，其長度可達12英寸或更長。

So that's Utahraptor's primary weapon.

所以那是猶他盜龍的首要武器。

But like all meat eaters, it also had a battery of formidable teeth and then huge menace, huge hand claws that could have also inflicted damage.

不過跟所有肉食者一樣，它還有滿口可怕的利齒和巨大的威脅，前肢巨大的爪子也能夠造成傷害。

The Raptors were amazingly dexterous using both feet and hand claws.

迅猛龍在使用四肢的爪子是異常地敏捷。

Well, picture this animal that would weigh close to 1,000 pounds, was able to kick this thing with slash and strokes, three and four, five-foot long strokes, plunge it in through skin a inch thick, slash down, ten inches deep, and cut three feet long.

可以想象這個重約五百公斤的動物，能夠踢腿并劃切這個動物，3到5英尺的一劃，陷進一寸厚的皮膚，下切十英寸，切了3英尺長。

And do that every couple of seconds.

每隔幾秒就來一次。