時(shí)差N小時(shí):鳥(niǎo)能識(shí)別人類嗎?

How dumb, or smart, are birds? Calling someone abirdbrain is usually meant as an insult. But manybirds are quite clever. Take, for example, themockingbird. To you and me, one mockingbird mightlook pretty much like any other. But from the birds'perspective, the same isn't true of humans.

鳥(niǎo)類究竟是愚蠢還是聰明呢?稱某人為“鳥(niǎo)腦”通常意味著侮辱。但很多鳥(niǎo)兒其實(shí)非常聰明。例如知更鳥(niǎo)。對(duì)于你、我來(lái)說(shuō)，所有的知更鳥(niǎo)可能看起來(lái)都一樣。但是從鳥(niǎo)的角度來(lái)看，這一理論卻不適用于人類。

Mockingbirds can tell one person from another with great skill, especially when that personposes a threat. In one experiment, scientists had volunteers approached and touchedmockingbird nests once a day for four days. By the second day, the birds began their warningcalls and attack runs sooner than they had the day before. By the fourth day, the birdsappeared to be able to spot the human intruders as soon as they began to approach the nests.

在分辨不同的人方面，知更鳥(niǎo)技巧高超，特別是有人威脅它時(shí)。在一項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)中，科學(xué)家們讓志愿者們?nèi)ソ咏?、觸碰知更鳥(niǎo)的窩巢，每天一次，連續(xù)四天。第二天，鳥(niǎo)兒們便鳴叫警告、突襲來(lái)者，反應(yīng)比前一天更迅速。到第四天，一旦志愿者們開(kāi)始接近鳥(niǎo)巢，知更鳥(niǎo)便能辨別出那位人類入侵者。

On the fifth day, however, a new person approached and touched the birds' nests. And thebirds were slower to react. So in other words, the birds weren't simply protecting their nestswith the same ferocity no matter who approached.

然而到了第五天，換一位陌生面孔的志愿者去接近、觸摸鳥(niǎo)巢。知更鳥(niǎo)的反應(yīng)又慢下來(lái)。因此換句話說(shuō)，鳥(niǎo)類對(duì)入侵者也會(huì)區(qū)別對(duì)待，并不會(huì)一味地氣勢(shì)洶洶。

They quickly recognized repeat intruders and were quick to target them. Because the newintruder wasn't familiar, the birds took longer to size him up. Mockingbirds might not be theonly bird species to distinguish between people. Other species that have adapted to humanenvironments might be good people spotters, too. In fact, this ability might be part of whatallows some birds to thrive in urban environments.

他們很快地識(shí)別重復(fù)入侵者，并快速攻擊他們。因?yàn)閷?duì)新的入侵者并不熟悉，所以知更鳥(niǎo)要花更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間來(lái)做出判斷。知更鳥(niǎo)可能并不是唯一能夠區(qū)別人類的鳥(niǎo)類。其它一些已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了人類環(huán)境的鳥(niǎo)類，可能也十分善于識(shí)別人類。事實(shí)上這種能力會(huì)幫助鳥(niǎo)類在現(xiàn)代環(huán)境中生存下去。