萬物簡史 第77期:敲石頭的人們(9)

Then there was Dr. James Parkinson, who was also anearly socialist and author of many provocativepamphlets with titles like "Revolution withoutBloodshed." In 1794, he was implicated in a faintlylunatic-sounding conspiracy called "the Pop-gunPlot," in which it was planned to shoot King GeorgeIII in the neck with a poisoned dart as he sat in hisbox at the theater. Parkinson was hauled before thePrivy Council for questioning and came within anace of being dispatched in irons to Australia beforethe charges against him were quietly dropped.Adopting a more conservative approach to life, he developed an interest in geology andbecame one of the founding members of the Geological Society and the author of an importantgeological text, Organic Remains of a Former World, which remained in print for half a century.He never caused trouble again.

再就是詹姆斯·帕金森博士，他還是早期的社會主義者，寫過許多富有鼓動性的小冊子，比如《不流血的革命》。1794年，發(fā)生了一次聽上去有點(diǎn)兒發(fā)瘋的陰謀，叫做"玩具氣槍計劃"，有人打算趁國王喬治三世在劇院包廂里看戲的機(jī)會用帶毒的飛鏢射中他的脖子。帕金森跟這件事有牽連，被帶到樞密院進(jìn)行盤問，差一點(diǎn)給戴上鐐銬發(fā)配到澳大利亞。但是，對他的指控后來不了了之。他漸漸對生活采取比較保守的態(tài)度，并開始對地質(zhì)學(xué)產(chǎn)生了興趣，最終成為地質(zhì)學(xué)會的創(chuàng)始人之一和一部重要的地質(zhì)學(xué)作品《上個世界的有機(jī)遺骸》的作者。有半個世紀(jì)時間，這本書不停地印刷。他再也沒有制造過麻煩。

Today, however, we remember him for his landmark study of the affliction then called the"shaking palsy," but known ever since as Parkinson's disease. (Parkinson had one other slightclaim to fame. In 1785, he became possibly the only person in history to win a natural historymuseum in a raffle. The museum, in London's Leicester Square, had been founded by SirAshton Lever, who had driven himself bankrupt with his unrestrained collecting of naturalwonders. Parkinson kept the museum until 1805, when he could no longer support it and thecollection was broken up and sold.)

然而，今天我們所以記得他，是因?yàn)樗麑σ环N疾病的具有劃時代意義的研究。這種疾病在當(dāng)時被稱之為"震顫性麻痹"，但之后一直被叫做帕金森綜合征。(帕金森在另一個方面也稍有名氣。1785年，他很可能成了歷史上獨(dú)一無二的人，在一次兌獎銷售活動中贏得一個自然史博物館。這家博物館位于倫敦的萊斯特廣場，原本是阿什頓·利弗建立的，但利弗無節(jié)制地搜集自然寶物，最后搞得傾家蕩產(chǎn)。帕金森將這個博物館保留到1805年，再也維持不下去，便把收藏品拆賣了。)