異類之不一樣的成功啟示錄 第146期:韓國的嚴(yán)格等級觀念

The Korean language has no less than six different levels of conversational address,depending on their relationship between the addressee and the addressor: formal deference, informal deference, blunt, familiar, intimate and plain.

在韓語中，根據(jù)不同的場合以及談話的對象，共有六種不同程度的談話方式。根據(jù)講話者和聽話者的關(guān)系分為：正式敬語、非正式敬語、陌生人的交流語、熟悉人的套話、親密用語和普通用語。

The first officer would not have dared to use one of the more intimate or familiar forms when he addressed the captain.

當(dāng)他對機(jī)長講話時(shí)，他不敢采用任何表示親密或熟悉的語體。

This is a cultural in which enormous attention has paid to the relative standing of any two people in a conversation.

通過談話來確認(rèn)兩個(gè)人之間的相互關(guān)系是文化中最需要重視的部分。

The Korean linguist Ho-min himself writes:

韓國語言學(xué)家候名松（Ho-min Sohn）寫道：

At a dinner table, a lower ranking person must wait until a higher ranking person sits down and starts eating, while the revers does not hold true;

在餐桌上，晚輩或下級必須等長輩坐下開始就餐以后才可以開始。

one does not smoke in the presence of a social superior;

下級不可以在上級面前抽煙。

when drinking with a social superior, the subordinate hides his glass and turns away from a superior;

當(dāng)與上級喝酒的時(shí)候，下級必須把杯子藏起來并在喝酒時(shí)將臉轉(zhuǎn)向側(cè)面……

...in greeting a social superior (though not an inferior) a Korean must bow;

下級問候上級時(shí)必須鞠躬；

a Korean must rise when an obvious social superior appears on the scene, and he cannot pass in front of an obvious social superior.

當(dāng)遇見上級或上級出現(xiàn)在某種場合時(shí)，下級必須站立，且不可以在上級面前走過。

All social behavior and actions are conducted in the order of seniority of ranking;as the saying goes, there is order even to drinking cold water.

所有的社會(huì)禮儀和行為，都與人們的社會(huì)地位和資歷息息相關(guān)。在說話時(shí)，正如韓國人說的，在喝涼水時(shí)，都應(yīng)該是有順序的。

So, when the first officer says, "don't you think it rains more in this area, here?"

因此，當(dāng)副駕說，這里是不是下雨了？

we know what he means by that: he means, captain.You have committed us to a visual approach, with no back up plan, and the weather outside is terrible.

我們知道他的意思是說“機(jī)長，你要求執(zhí)行目測著陸，又沒有備選方案，并且外面的天氣如此糟糕，

You think the way we'll break out the clouds in time to see the runway, but what if we don't?

你認(rèn)為我們可以及時(shí)穿越云層看到跑道。但是如果我們失敗了呢？

It's pitch-black outside and pouring rain, and the glide scope is going down.

外面漆黑又下著大雨，跑道射燈又關(guān)掉了。”

But he can't say that.He hints, and in his mind, he said as much as he can to a superior.

但是他沒有講出來，他做了暗示，并且在他的想法中，他已經(jīng)向上級講了一個(gè)下級能對上級所說的最多的話。

The first officer wouldn't mention the weather again.

副駕因此再?zèng)]有提及天氣。

It is just after that moment that the plane, briefly, breaks out of the clouds, and off in distance the pilots see lights.

這個(gè)時(shí)候飛機(jī)剛突破云層，機(jī)長看到了遠(yuǎn)方的燈光。

"Is it Guam?" the flight engineer asks. Then, after a pause, he says, "It's Guam, Guam."

飛行工程師問道：“那是關(guān)島嗎？”在稍作停頓后，他說道：“那是關(guān)島，關(guān)島。”

The captain chuckles. "Good!" But it isn't good. It's an illusion.

機(jī)長邊笑邊說：“好。”但事實(shí)上，情況并不好，那只是幻覺。

They've come out of the clouds for a moment.But they're still 20 miles from the airport, and there's an enormous amount of bad weather still ahead of them.

他們剛剛穿過云層，但是他們距離機(jī)場還有20英里，并且等待他們的氣候狀況不容樂觀。

The flight engineer knows this, because it is his responsibility to track the weather, so now he decides to speak up.

飛行工程師了解這一切，因?yàn)樗穆氊?zé)是監(jiān)測氣候狀況。因此現(xiàn)在他決定講出來。