異類之不一樣的成功啟示錄 第50期:成功與智商的相互關(guān)系

One of the most widely used intelligence tests is something called Raven's Progressive Matrices.

“瑞文推理能力測驗”是目前使用最為普遍的智力測試。

It requires no language skills or specific body of acquired knowledge. It's a measure of abstract reasoning skills.

這種測試不需要任何語言技能，也不需要掌握已知的任何知識，它測試的是抽象的推理智能。

A typical Raven's test consists of forty-eight items,

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的瑞文測試包括48項，

each one harder than the one before it, and your IQ is calculated by how many items you get right.

越是后面的測試項目，難度越大，你的IQ得分取決于你回答對了多少測試項目。

If I gave you the hardest question on the Raven's, I'm guessing you wouldn't get it correct, nor would I.

但必須承認，我是找不到這個正確答案的, 相信大部分人都不知道正確答案。

Christ Langan almost certainly could, however.

但是，克里斯.蘭根的答案幾乎全都正確。

When we say that people like Langan are really brilliant,

我們說某某人像蘭根那樣非常有才氣，

what we mean is that they have the kind of mind that can figure out puzzles like that last hardest Raven's question.

指的就是他們具有解答最后這道題這樣的本事。

Over the years, an enormous amount of research has been done,

多年以來，許多研究都試圖解答一個問題，

trying to figure out how a person's performance on an IQ test like the Raven's translates to real life success.

這就是那些能夠在瑞文這樣的智力測試中獲得高分的人，他們怎樣在實際生活中獲得成功。

People at the bottom of the scale, with IQs bellow seventy, are considered mentally disabled.

那些處在分值底端的人們——他們的IQ不滿70％通常認為智商有缺陷。

A score of 100 is average; you probably need to be just above that mark to be able to handle college.

普通人的智商是100:如果你達不到這個分值，可能要上大學(xué)的想法永遠都只是做白日夢。

To get into and succeed in a reasonably competitive graduate program, meanwhile, you probably need an IQ of at least 115.

并且，如果你要在競爭激烈的大學(xué)順利畢業(yè)，你的IQ可能就得達到115 以上。

In general, the higher your score, the more education you'll get, the more money you'll make, and, believe it or not, the longer you'll live.

一般情況下，你的分值越高，你受的教育就越多，你掙的錢也越多，并且不管你是否相信——你的壽命也會越長。

But there is a catch. This relationship between success and IQ works only up to a point.

但是成功和智商之間的相互關(guān)系只在一定范圍內(nèi)存在，這一點令人難以理解。

Once someone has reached an IQ of somewhere around 120,

如果一個人的IQ達到了120左右，

having additional IQ points doesn't seem to translate into any measurable real-world advantage.

那么再增加智商并不會在現(xiàn)實世界給他帶來明顯的優(yōu)勢。

''It is amply proved that someone with an IQ of 170 is more likely to think well than someone whose IQ is 70,''

“IQ為170的人比IQ為70的人思維更加敏捷，這是很明顯的，”

the British psychologist Liam Hudson has written, ''and this holds true where a comparison is much closer, between IQs of, say, 100 and 130.

英國心理學(xué)專家利亞姆.哈德森寫道，“相近智商之間的對比——比如說，IQ在100到130之間的對比，結(jié)果也是這樣。

But the relation seems to break down when one is making comparisons between two people both of whom have IQs which are relatively high.

但是在兩個具有很高智商的人之間對比，這個規(guī)律似乎就失效了……

A mature scientist with an adult IQ of 130 is as likely to win a Nobel Prize as one whose IQ is 180.

一個IQ為130的資歷豐富的科學(xué)家和IQ為180的人一樣，都有可能獲得諾貝爾獎。”