反對(duì)改革者中權(quán)力最大的一位
was the king's own brother, le Comte de Provence,
是國(guó)王的兄弟 普羅旺斯伯爵
known in court simply as Monsieur.
在法庭中被所有人稱為先生
He clung to the traditional order of French society.
他堅(jiān)決支持法國(guó)社會(huì)的傳統(tǒng)階級(jí)制度
Three estates under the king—the clergy,
國(guó)王之下 分為三個(gè)階級(jí):神職人員
the nobility and the rest.
貴族 以及普通民眾
With only the rest paying taxes.
而且 只有普通民眾需要繳稅
The gossip in Paris,
巴黎的流言
combined with the strong vocal opposition inside Versailles,
與凡爾賽宮中直接的反對(duì)聲音結(jié)合
began to undermine Louis' faith in Turgot and reform.
開(kāi)始侵蝕路易對(duì)杜爾哥和改革的信心
Louis XVI must not have known which way to turn,
路易十六應(yīng)該不知道要何去何從
because the economists are divided and,
因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們分成了不同派別
fundamentally, the issue is the French state and whether it will survive.
而這涉及到法國(guó)是否能存續(xù)的基本問(wèn)題
Very momentous decisions for a young man to take.
這個(gè)年輕人要做出一系列非常重大的決定
It looked initially as if he was going to stand firm.
起初 他看起來(lái)是要支持變革
However, his confidence was undermined.
然而 他的信心被逐漸摧毀
Louis XVI lacked the willingness tosupporthim to the bitter end.
路易十六缺乏支持他到達(dá)結(jié)局的決心
一.reform:n.改革, 改良 v.改革, 革新, 改造
【詞義辨析】
reform, transform
這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞均含“改革、改變、改造”之意。
reform指去惡揚(yáng)善、棄舊圖新,使變得完美,多用于社會(huì)、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)方面,如體制、法律、機(jī)構(gòu)等的改革。
transform指既改變外部形體,又改變內(nèi)部性質(zhì)或功能。
【例句用法】
They made a clamor for reform.
他們強(qiáng)烈要求改革。
Our reform made an inexorable march of progress.
我們的改革取得了勢(shì)不可擋的進(jìn)展。
This judge is a strong advocate of prison reform.
這位法官是監(jiān)獄改革的堅(jiān)決擁護(hù)者。
Strikes by prison officers underline the need for reform in our gaols.
監(jiān)獄工作人員罷工一事,突出地表明我們的監(jiān)獄制度需要改革。
Legislative reform is long overdue.
立法方面的改革早該進(jìn)行。
二.support:vt.支持, 承受,支撐, 供養(yǎng), 資助, 證實(shí), 支援, 擔(dān)任演出嘉賓 n.支持, 支撐, 援助, 供養(yǎng), 依據(jù), 助演嘉賓
【詞義辨析】
1.back, uphold, support, sustain, advocate
這些動(dòng)詞均有“支持,支援,擁護(hù)”之意。
back通常指對(duì)論點(diǎn)、行動(dòng)、事業(yè)等的強(qiáng)有力支持。
uphold既可指積極努力對(duì)陷入困境者的支持,也可指給某人在行動(dòng)、道義或信仰上的支持。
support含義廣泛,多指在道義上或物質(zhì)上支持某人,也可指對(duì)某項(xiàng)事業(yè)的支持。
sustain側(cè)重指連續(xù)不斷的支持。
advocate多指通過(guò)寫(xiě)文章或發(fā)表演說(shuō)等來(lái)支持或擁護(hù),往往暗示提倡某事或?yàn)槟呈罗q護(hù)。
2.raise, keep, support, feed
這四個(gè)詞都有“撫養(yǎng)”、“養(yǎng)家”、“贍養(yǎng)”的意思,但也有區(qū)別。
raise意為“撫養(yǎng)(指人);飼養(yǎng)(指動(dòng)物或禽畜)”之意。
He raised the children himself;his wife died years ago.
他的妻子多年以前就去世了,他一手把孩子拉扯大。
He raised those goats from new-born kids.
那些羊從小羊羔時(shí)就是他喂養(yǎng)的。
keep表示“養(yǎng)活(指人);飼養(yǎng)(指動(dòng)物或禽畜)”。
John has his wife and six children to keep(support).
約翰要養(yǎng)活妻子和六個(gè)孩子。
They kept some hens and pigs.
他們養(yǎng)了一些雞和豬。
support意為“養(yǎng)活”,不用于飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物。
She supports her old mother.
她贍養(yǎng)老母親。
He has a large family to support.
他要養(yǎng)活一大家子。
feed意為“喂養(yǎng);飼養(yǎng);以......為食”。
Have you fed the baby/cow yet?
嬰兒/牛喂了嗎?
She fed meat to her dog. =She fed her dog with/on meat.
她用肉喂狗。
Foxes feed on small animals.
狐貍以小動(dòng)物為食。
【例句用法】
Jim was a great support to us when father died.
父親死後,吉姆給了我們巨大的幫助。
Support your local theatre: buy tickets regularly!
請(qǐng)大力支持本地劇院,歡迎經(jīng)常光臨!
The theatre has had to close for lack of support.
這家劇院光顧者寡只好關(guān)閉。
They signed a petition in support of the workers' demands.
他們?cè)谡?qǐng)?jiān)笗?shū)上簽名,支持工人的請(qǐng)求。
Which football team do you support?
你支持哪個(gè)足球隊(duì)?