【BBC紀(jì)錄片】凡爾賽宮 第49期：是君主專制還是開(kāi)明改革

So, this is coups d'etat in thesense

所以這次政變意味著

that one of the things that is absolutely

推翻了法國(guó)君主制的

key for the self-image of the French monarchy is that

一個(gè)最主要標(biāo)志

it is a legitimate, absolute monarchy that rules according to the laws,

那就是它的合法性 法律監(jiān)督下的君主專制

so to abolish the law courts, themselves,

所以取締最高法院這一舉動(dòng)

is a very powerful signal,

是一個(gè)強(qiáng)勢(shì)的標(biāo)志

and a very blatant act of royal despotism.

及公然的皇室獨(dú)裁行為

Louis believed he was acting in the best interests of France,

路易堅(jiān)信他是由法國(guó)利益出發(fā)

whose outdated legal system stood in the way of progress.

過(guò)時(shí)的法律體系阻礙著變革的開(kāi)展

So, he introduced wholesale reforms,

因此 他開(kāi)展大規(guī)模的變革

for example, free justice.

比如自由司法

Also the judges, themselves,

同樣法官

were now to be appointed by the Crown for life.

也被國(guó)王指定為終身制

And they would no longer buy their position as judge,

也不能再向以前一樣

as had been the case before.

用錢來(lái)購(gòu)買法官職位

So, for many, including Voltaire,

包括伏爾泰在內(nèi)的許多人

this was seen as an enlightenedreform.

認(rèn)為這是一項(xiàng)開(kāi)明的改革

Unfortunately for Louis XV, by silencing the Parlement,

對(duì)路易十五不幸的是 壓制最高法院的決定

the King unleashed opposition on a scale

掀起了一場(chǎng)多世未見(jiàn)的

that had not been seen for generations.

大規(guī)模的反對(duì)浪潮

一.sense：n.感官, 感覺(jué), 意識(shí), 鑒賞力, 意義, 理智, 道理, 見(jiàn)識(shí) v.感覺(jué), 意識(shí)到, 理解, 檢測(cè)

【語(yǔ)法用法】

sense作名詞，詞組come to one's senses可根據(jù)語(yǔ)境解釋為“恢復(fù)理智”或“恢復(fù)知覺(jué)”。

She has been behaving very foolishly.I hope she'llsoon come to her senses.

她近來(lái)常做蠢事，我希望她趕緊恢復(fù)理智。

She has been struck on the head by a rock and has lost consciousness.I hope she'll soon cometo her senses.

由于她的頭撞在石頭上，失去了知覺(jué)。我希望她趕快恢復(fù)知覺(jué)。

common sense指“常識(shí)”，與common knowledge和general knowledge不同。

common sense指大多數(shù)人從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中得來(lái)的常識(shí)，不需研究。

common knowledge指在某個(gè)范圍內(nèi)大家都知道的事，受范圍限制，不指所有人。

general knowledge和common knowledge有時(shí)意思一樣，但通常指從研究或注意得來(lái)的關(guān)于許多事物的基本知識(shí)，與 specialized knowledge意義相反;

common sense只有在作形容詞時(shí)才寫(xiě)成common-sense;

sense of humour指“幽默感”，沒(méi)有幽默感可以說(shuō)have no sense of humour或lack humour。

【錯(cuò)句舉例與錯(cuò)句分析】

錯(cuò)句: The deck is high-sided, adding significantly to the interior's sense of space.

訂正: The deck is high-sided, adding significantly to the one's sense of space inside.

翻譯: 高起層增大了內(nèi)部的空間感。

分析: sense的主語(yǔ)是人，而不是“內(nèi)部”。

【詞義辨析】

judgement, discrimination, sense

這些名詞均含“識(shí)別力、判斷”之意。

judgement指經(jīng)過(guò)訓(xùn)練或磨練或憑經(jīng)歷而得到辨別或判斷事物的能力或品質(zhì)。

discrimination指辨別精微事物的能力，甚至平時(shí)觀察不到的也可識(shí)別出來(lái)。

sense指不帶幻想、感情或偏見(jiàn)地觀察事物，并能作出明智、公平的選擇與決定。

meaning, implication, sense

這些名詞均含有“含義、意義、意思”之意。

meaning普通用詞，使用廣泛，既可指語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的意思，又可指手勢(shì)、符號(hào)、表情或藝術(shù)品或抽象概念所含的意義。

implication指暗含的意思。

sense特指詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的某種特定意思，也常指多種解釋的一種。

【例句用法】

I hope she soon sees sense and stops fighting a battle she cannot win.

我希望她能很快明白過(guò)來(lái)，別再打這場(chǎng)打不贏的仗了。

It would make sense to leave early.

早點(diǎn)離開(kāi)是明智的。

No one in their right senses would let a small child go out alone.

凡是有理智的人，誰(shuí)都不會(huì)讓那麼小的孩子獨(dú)自出門。

I'm afraid I haven't got a very good sense of directions, so I easily get lost.

恐怕我的方位感很差，因此我容易迷路。

You should have had enough sense to turn off the electricity supply before disconnecting thewires.

你本來(lái)應(yīng)該有足夠的常識(shí)，在拆開(kāi)電線之前先把電源切斷。

二.reform：n.改革, 改良 v.改革, 革新, 改造

【詞義辨析】

reform, transform

這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞均含“改革、改變、改造”之意。

reform指去惡揚(yáng)善、棄舊圖新，使變得完美，多用于社會(huì)、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)方面，如體制、法律、機(jī)構(gòu)等的改革。

transform指既改變外部形體，又改變內(nèi)部性質(zhì)或功能。

【例句用法】

They made a clamor for reform.

他們強(qiáng)烈要求改革。

Our reform made an inexorable march of progress.

我們的改革取得了勢(shì)不可擋的進(jìn)展。

This judge is a strong advocate of prison reform.

這位法官是監(jiān)獄改革的堅(jiān)決擁護(hù)者。

Strikes by prison officers underline the need for reform in our gaols.

監(jiān)獄工作人員罷工一事，突出地表明我們的監(jiān)獄制度需要改革。

Legislative reform is long overdue.

立法方面的改革早該進(jìn)行。