CNN News: 骨骼移植手術未來展望

In the U.S., doctors performed almost a million bone graft surgeries every year. Most of the time, they harvest a piece of bone from a patient or a deceased donor, set it where it needs to do and hope it takes hold. But what if there were a way to regenerate from someone`s own cells?

在美國，醫(yī)生每年大約做1百萬個骨頭移植手術。大多數情況下，醫(yī)生們是從病人或者已故的捐贈者身上收獲一塊骨頭，將骨頭放置到需要的地方，并希望骨頭能夠扎根。但是如果可利用人自身的細胞再生骨頭呢?

The 206 bones that make up our skeletons give our body strength and structure. There are no extra pieces. That maybe why bone is the most transplanted body part. Worldwide, millions of bone transplant procedures are conducted each year, costing billions, and it doesn`t always work.

我們人類的骨架是由206個骨頭構成，這206個骨頭支撐我們的身體強度和結構。沒有剩余的骨頭。這或許就是為什么骨頭是最經常被移植的身體部分。世界范圍內，每年進行百萬次的骨頭移植手術，耗資數十億，但是結果并不盡如人意。

Quite literally, the only way to get human bone even now is to cut if out of a human.

毫不夸張地說，現在獲得人類骨骼的唯一方法就是從人類的身體上獲取骨骼。

What proposed is to say, take the best thing, which is your own bone. But instead of cutting you a part to get it, it`s to grown your own bone in the lab.

而醫(yī)生建議，最理想的情況是，骨骼來自于自身。但是并不是從自己身上切割獲得骨頭，而是在實驗室里配植。

In very simple terms, you`ll need a 3D printer, some fat, a cow bone and an incubator. A CT Scan gets the measurements of a patient`s bone, a mold is made from a cow bone strip of all DNA, and then a custom made Petri dish called the bioreactor is 3D-printed.

簡單來說，你需要一個3D打印機，一些脂肪，一塊牛骨頭和一臺孵化器。CT掃描獲得病人的骨頭，模具利用去除DNA的牛骨制成，還有一只定制的培養(yǎng)皿。

The lab extracts stem cells from a patient`s fat, and then turns them in bone cells, which are put on the mold and plug into the bioreactor.

實驗室提取干細胞來自患者的脂肪將細胞轉化為骨細胞，把它們放在模具并插入生物反應器。

Patients suffering from cancer, trauma or congenital defects won`t need to worry about transplanted bones getting infected, or bodies rejecting them, because the bones would be derived from their own cells.

病人患有癌癥、創(chuàng)傷或先天性缺陷不需要擔心移植骨感染，或身體拒絕他們,因為這些骨頭是來源于自己的細胞。

So far, they`ve only tested the transplants in pigs, but if they can start human clinical trials, Tanden (ph) says they`re just eight years from market.

到目前為止，研究人員只在豬身上進行了移植實驗，至于是否可以開始在人身上進行臨床實驗， Tanden稱，還需要幾年的時間才能面試。

At what point then would you implant this bone into a human?

在什么時候，骨頭可以移植到人體內呢?

We`re hoping to be able to start clinical trials in the next couple of years.我們

希望能夠在未來幾年內開始臨床試驗。

Will we ever see a day where you can grow an entire limb?

會不會有一天，我們會可以培植整個肢體呢?

That`s a very exciting day. You know, a lot of people will have to work together to make that happen, because you`d have to grow muscles, skin, nerve bone.

這是一個非常激動人心的一天。很多人必須一起工作來實現它，因為你需要培養(yǎng)肌肉、皮膚、神經骨。

Growing limbs may be far off, but bones are where it all begins.

距離成長的四肢可能還有些遙遠，但是骨骼是一切的開端。

It`s really interesting to be seeing it happening in front of our very eyes right now.

看到這一切事情發(fā)生在我們眼前，非常的有趣。