英語(yǔ)視頻暢談歐美人文風(fēng)情111：萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的由來(lái)

　　From communion with the dead to pumpkins and pranks, Halloween is a patchwork holiday, stitched together with cultural, religious and occult traditions that span centuries.

　　從與死者交流到南瓜和惡作劇，萬(wàn)圣節(jié)是個(gè)大雜燴的節(jié)日，與跨越數(shù)個(gè)世紀(jì)，文化和宗教上的神秘傳統(tǒng)交織在一起。

　　It all began with the Kelts, a people whose culture had spread across Europe more than two thousand years ago. October 31st was the day they celebrated the end of the harvest season in a festival called "Samhain." That night also marked the Keltic New Year and was considered the time "between years," a magical time when the ghost of the dead watched the Earth.

　　這一切是從凱爾特人開(kāi)始的，在兩千多年前凱爾特人的文化就已經(jīng)遍布?xì)W洲。十月三十一日是個(gè)他們?cè)诜Q作“Samhain”的慶典上，慶祝豐收祭結(jié)束的日子。那個(gè)夜晚一樣也是凱爾特人新年的標(biāo)志，而且被認(rèn)為是“年間”的時(shí)間，“年間”是死者的亡魂監(jiān)視著地球的神秘時(shí)刻。

　　It was the time when the veil between death and life was supposed to be at its thinnest.

　　人們認(rèn)為那一刻是死者與生者之間的帷幕最薄的時(shí)候。

　　On "Samhain," the villagers gathered and lit huge bonfires to drive the dead back to the spirit world and keep them away from the living. But, as the Catholic Church's influences grew in Europe, it frowned on the pagan rituals like "Samhain." In the 7th century, the Vatican began to merge it with the church-sanctioned holiday. So November 1st was designated "All Saints' Day" to honor martyrs and the deceased faithful.

　　在“Samhain”慶典上，村民聚在一起燃起熊熊的營(yíng)火驅(qū)使死者回到靈性世界，并使它們遠(yuǎn)離生者。然而，隨著天主教教會(huì)的影響力在歐洲增加，它不滿像是“Samhain”這樣的異教徒儀式

　　Both of these holidays had to do with the afterlife and about survival after death. It was a calculated move on the part of the Church to bring more people into the fold.

　　第七世紀(jì)時(shí)，梵蒂岡開(kāi)始將其與教會(huì)認(rèn)可的節(jié)日合并在一起。所以十一月一日被指定為“諸圣日”以對(duì)殉教者們及過(guò)世的信徒表示尊敬。

　　"All Saints' Day" was known then as "Hallowmas." "Hallow" means "holy" or "saintly", so the translation is roughly "Mass of the Saints." The night before October 31st was "All Hallows' Eve," which gradually morphed into "Halloween."

　　這兩個(gè)節(jié)日都與來(lái)世和死而復(fù)生有關(guān)。這是由教會(huì)所作出的老謀深算的一步，讓更多人加入天主教的行列。

　　The holiday came to America with the wave of Irish immigrants during the Potato Famine of the 1840s. They brought several of their holiday customs with them, including "Bobbing for Apples" and playing tricks on neighbors, like removing gates from the front of houses. The young pranksters were masked, so they wouldn't be recognized.

　　此后“諸圣日”被稱作“Hallowmas”。 Hallow的意思是“神圣的”或“像圣徒的”，所以翻譯大概就是“大批的圣徒”。十月三十一日的前夕則是“諸圣夜”，漸漸地演化成“萬(wàn)圣節(jié)”。

　　But over the years, the tradition of harmless tricks grew into outright vandalism.

　　這個(gè)節(jié)日在1840年代馬鈴薯大饑荒期間，隨著愛(ài)爾蘭移民潮來(lái)到了美國(guó)。他們帶來(lái)了幾種節(jié)日習(xí)俗，包括“咬蘋果游戲”和對(duì)鄰居惡作劇，像是移走房子前的大門。年輕的惡作劇孩子們都戴著面具，才不會(huì)被認(rèn)出來(lái)。但是這些年來(lái)，這些無(wú)害的惡作劇傳統(tǒng)變成了徹底的破壞行為。

　　Back in the 1930s, it really became a dangerous holiday. I mean, there was such hooliganism and vandalism. Trick-or-treating was originally an extortion deal: Give us candy or we'll trash your house.

　　回溯到1930年代，這確實(shí)變成了個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的節(jié)日。我的意思是，有這樣的無(wú)賴行徑和破壞行為。Trick-or-treating(不給糖就搗蛋)原本就是筆勒索交易：給我們糖果，不然我們會(huì)破壞你家。

　　Store keepers and neighbors began giving treats or bribes to stop the tricks, and children were encouraged to travel door to door for treats as an alternative to trouble-making. By the late 30s, "trick-or-treat" became a holiday greeting.

　　商家和街坊鄰居開(kāi)始給小點(diǎn)心或賄賂來(lái)停止惡作劇，人們鼓勵(lì)孩子挨家挨戶要點(diǎn)心，作為替代搗亂的另一項(xiàng)選擇。在三十年代晚期，“不給糖就搗蛋”變成了節(jié)日的問(wèn)候語(yǔ)。