歷屆美國(guó)總統(tǒng)介紹:第8任總統(tǒng) 馬丁·范布倫

Martin Van Buren was the eighth President of theUnited States, serving one term in office. He wasborn on December 5, 1782 in Kinderhook, New Yorkand died of heart failure in 1862. His father was atavern keeper and farmer. Van Buren was the firstpresident born as a citizen of the U.S.A., as allprevious presidents were born before the AmericanRevolution.

馬丁·范布倫（Martin Van Buren）是美國(guó)第八任總統(tǒng)，任期為一屆。他1782年11月5日出生在美國(guó)紐約州的肯德胡克，1862年因心臟衰竭逝世。他的父親是位酒館老板兼農(nóng)民。馬丁·范布倫是第一位以美國(guó)公民身份出生并當(dāng)選美國(guó)總統(tǒng)的人，前7位美國(guó)總統(tǒng)均出生在美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之前。

Van Buren studied law and entered New York politics at the age of 17. He faithfully fulfilled his official duties for a decade and a half. His skill at gathering support for his party earned him thenickname "The Little Magician". In 1821, he was elected to the United States Senatere presenting New York. President Andrew Jackson rewarded Van Buren's loyalty by appointinghim Secretary of State in 1829.

馬丁·范布倫17歲時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)法律，從此走進(jìn)紐約政壇。他在十年零六個(gè)月的時(shí)間里恪盡職守，并善于為自己所在的黨派爭(zhēng)取支持，因此獲得“小魔術(shù)師”的綽號(hào)。他1821年進(jìn)入紐約州參議院。安德魯·杰克遜總統(tǒng)為表彰馬丁·范布倫的忠誠(chéng)，在1829年，將他推選為美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)卿。

Van Buren's rise to the Presidency continued in 1833 when he was appointed Andrew Jackson'sVice President. Van Buren was President Jackson's first choice to take over from him from 1837.He easily won the 1836 election. Van Buren devoted his Inaugural Address to explaining howthe American experiment and its prosperity was an example to the rest of the world.

馬丁·范布倫1833年當(dāng)選為安德魯·杰克遜的副總統(tǒng)，自此，他離美國(guó)總統(tǒng)之職又近了一步。美國(guó)總統(tǒng)杰克遜希望馬丁·范布倫能在1837年接任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)之職。馬丁·范布倫是杰克遜心中的總統(tǒng)第一人選。馬丁·范布倫1836年在美國(guó)總統(tǒng)大選中輕松獲勝。他在職演說中主要闡述了美國(guó)的創(chuàng)建過程，同時(shí)還聲明美國(guó)的繁榮是世界的榜樣。

His Presidency was largely dominated by the recession that followed the "Panic of 1837".Hundreds of banks and businesses failed. Thousands lost their land. It was the worstdepression to hit America in its short history. Many blamed him for it and nicknamed him"Martin Van Ruin". He was voted out of office in 1840 and was an unsuccessful candidate forPresident as an independent in 1848. He died in 1862.

馬丁·范布倫就任期間正值美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，此次經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退發(fā)生于“1837年恐慌”之后。當(dāng)時(shí)，數(shù)以百計(jì)的銀行及公司倒閉，上千人失去土地。這是美國(guó)短暫歷史上最嚴(yán)重的一次經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。許多人指責(zé)馬丁·范布倫，還給他起綽號(hào)，叫他“馬丁·范禍根”("Martin Van Ruin")。馬丁·范布倫1840年在美國(guó)總統(tǒng)大選中失敗，就此卸任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)這一職務(wù)。馬丁·范布倫1848年作為獨(dú)立的美國(guó)總統(tǒng)候選人再次遭遇落選。1862年，馬丁·范布倫辭世。