英語聽力小短文走遍全世界:正式語言和非正式語言

英語聽力原文：

You probable have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways depending on the situation they are in. This is very natural. All languages have two general levels of usage — a fomal level and an informal level. English is no exception. The diffenrence in these two levels is the situation in which you use a particular level.

你或許注意到人們會用不同的方式表達(dá)類似的觀點(diǎn)，這取決于他們所處的環(huán)境。這種現(xiàn)象很自然。所有語言都有兩個普遍的使用層次——正式層面和非正式層面。英語也不例外。兩個層次的區(qū)別在于你使用語言的語境。

Formal language is the kind of language you find in textbooks, reference books and in business letters. You would also use formal English in compositions and essays that you write in school. Informal language is used in conversation with colleagues, family members and friends, and when we write personal notes of letters to close friends.

正式語言是在課本、參考書和商業(yè)信函中出現(xiàn)的語言。你也會在學(xué)校布置的作文的論文中使用正式語言。非正式語言是在與同事、家人和朋友交流時使用的，以及我們在寫個人筆記或給好朋友寫信時也會用到。

Formal language is different from informal language in several ways. First, formal language tends to be more polite. What we may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite. For example, I might say to a friend or a family member "Close the door, please." But to a stranger, I probably would say, "Would you mind closing the door?"

正式語言和非正式語言在很多方面有所不同。首先，正式語言顯得更禮貌。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的有趣現(xiàn)象是通常要想追求禮貌，我們必須多說些話。例如，我或許會對我的朋友和家人說“請關(guān)門。”但是，對于一位陌生人，我可能會說“你介意把門關(guān)上嗎?”

Another difference between formal and informal language is some of the vocabulary. There are bound to be some words and phrases that belong in formal language and others that are informal. Let's say that I really like soccer. If I am talking to my friend, I might say. "I am just crazy about soccer." But if I were talking to my boss, I would probably say, "I really enjoy soccer."

正式語言和非正式語言的另一處不同在于部分詞匯。某些詞匯與詞組屬于正式語言，而有些是非正式的。我們說真的喜歡足球時，如果和我的朋友交流，我或許會說：“我為足球瘋狂。”如果對我的老板，或許會說：“我很欣賞足球。”

英語單詞詞匯整理:

1. usage n. 用法，使用，慣用法

eg: I don't know the usage of this phrase.

我不知道這個短語的慣用法。

短語：

nternational usage 國際慣例

trade usage 貿(mào)易慣例

usage rate 使用率

long term usage 長期使用

2. informal adj. 非正式的

eg: We had an informal meeting.

我們做了非正式的會晤。

短語：

informal communication 非正式溝通

informal group 非正式群體;非正式組織

informal education 非正規(guī)教育

3. exception n. 除外

eg: He took great exception to what I said.

他極力反對我的話。

短語：

with the exception of 除了…以外

without exception 無例外地，一律

no exception 沒有例外;無一例外

make an exception 例外，破例

take exception 反對;有反感

exception to the rule 出軌邊緣

4. reference n. 參考，出處，參照

eg: with reference to this project, we have something to say.

關(guān)于這個工程，我們有些意見。

短語：

in reference to 關(guān)于

without reference to 無論;與…無關(guān)

terms of reference 責(zé)任范圍;審查范圍

make reference (to) 參考;涉及

5. composition n. 作文，著作，組織，合成物，成分

eg: You've made several grammatical mistakes in the composition.

你的作文中犯了幾處語法錯誤。

短語：

musical composition 樂曲

internal composition 內(nèi)部合成

composition of a picture 畫面結(jié)構(gòu)

6. essay n. 短文，散文

eg: His essay was carried in the June number.

他的散文登載在六月號上。

短語：

essay testn 申論方式測驗(yàn)

model essay 范文

同根詞：

essayist n. 散文家;評論家

7. colleague n. 同事

eg: I'm writing to a colleague of mine in America.

我在給我美國的一個同事寫信。

短語：

colleague firm 公司

colleague Level 員工層面

近義詞：

brother/ fellow/ associaten.同事，同僚

佳句采摘：

You probable have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways depending on the situation they are in.

你或許注意到人們會用不同的方式表達(dá)類似的觀點(diǎn)，這取決于他們所處的環(huán)境。