第二十一章 獨(dú)立成分 獨(dú)立成分的類型

　　190 .獨(dú)立成分的類型，獨(dú)立成分(the Independent Element )是指與句子其他成分沒有語法關(guān)系的單詞、短語或從句，主要有下面幾類：

　　1. 感嘆詞(Interjection ) ― 常表示說話人當(dāng)時的情緒，如驚奇、恐懼、’懊惱，高興等，也可用來打招呼：

　　1. Ah!please don t ask me any more ，啊，求你不要再問我了。(痛苦)

　　2. Ah!So you are back now .啊，你回來了。(高興)

　　3. Well, here we are at last !好了，我們到底到了!(快樂)

　　4. God! Why should you be 50 stubborn !天啦，你怎么這樣固執(zhí)!(不耐)

　　5. My goodness ! How could you work so fast !

　　我的天!你怎么千得這么快!(驚奇)

　　6. Hello! How are you ?

　　嘿，你好?(打招呼)

　　2 .呼語(Direct Address ) ― 是對聽話人的直接稱呼：

　　1. Come in and take a seat ，Mr Black.

　　布萊克先生，進(jìn)來請坐。

　　2. Be quiet ，children .

　　孩子們，安靜點(diǎn)。

　　3. Somebod go and retch a pail of water .

　　誰去打一桶水來。

　　4. Xiao yang, what do you have on your mind ?

　　小揚(yáng)，你有什么心思?

　　5.Henry，how are you at languages ?

　　亨利，你學(xué)語言的情況如何?

　　3 .插入語(Parenthesis ) ― 插在句末或句子中間的成分：

　　1. What is it, you think?

　　你認(rèn)為這是什么呢?

　　2. This, I think, is the only way out of the difficulty.

　　這個我想是擺脫困難的唯一辦法。

　　3. What on earth is wrong with you, Jessica?杰希嘉，你怎么回事?

　　它們一般都用逗號和句子的其他部分隔開。

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　　練習(xí)及答案：在下面感嘆詞下面劃線

　　1. Oh ! It's too late already !

　　2. Oh ! I have never heard of such things before!

　　3. Well, what shall we do next ?

　　4. Dear me, I didn't know you were so sharp tongued.

　　5. O Lord ! Cabbage grow that big ?

　　6. Heavens, I must be pregnant.

　　7. My goodness, it shot today !

　　8. Goodness me! What a dirty dress!

　　9. Oh, goodness, what's happened ?

　　10. Lord, what's wrong with her ?

　　11. How should we answer this question ?Why, that's simple

　　12. His mother, alas, isn't out of danger yet.

　　13. Aha, sp that's where she hides her money.

　　14. Hey, come and look at this !

　　15. Oh, hi, Olivia. Come on in ?

　　16. Ouch ! That hurt !

　　17. We've done it ! Hurray !

　　答案：1. oh 2. ah 3. well 4. Dear me 5. O Lord 6. Heavens 7. my goodness 8. Goodness me 9. Oh, goodness l0. Lord 11. Why 12 Alas 13. aha 14. Hey 15. Oh, hi 16. Ouch 17. harray