第一章概說 派生（Derivation）

　　許多詞通過加詞頭(或稱前綴，Prefixes)或詞尾(或稱后綴suffixes)來構(gòu)成另一詞類，稱為派生。通過加詞頭或詞尾構(gòu)成的詞稱為派生詞(derivatives)。

　　英語的詞尾主要有下面這些：

　　1.構(gòu)成名詞的詞尾(括號中詞為例詞):

　　-er (singer), -or (sailor), -ist (artist), -ee (employee), -es (hostess), -ian (musician), -ese (Japanese), -ant (contestant), -ism (heroism), -ess (happiness), -(a) tion (examination), -ment (movement), -on (decision), -ing (wedding), -ship (friendship), -ood (childhood), -age (shortage), -ure (failure), -dom (freedom), -ty (cruelty), -ity (reality), -y (discovery), -th (warmth), -al (arrival), -ance (reliance), -nce (difference), -ful (mouthful), -y (slavery), -eer (engineer)

　　2.構(gòu)成形容詞的詞尾：

　　-ful (useful), -less (homeless), -ish (childish), -ive (active), -ous(famous), -able (eatable), -ible (responsible), -ic (poetic), -ant (pleasant), -ly (lively), -al (cultural), -y (rainy), -ent (dependent), -ary (imaginary), -some (tiresome), -ike (childlike), -en (wooden), -ate (fortunate), -an (Indian), -d (talented)

　　3.其他詞尾：

　　-ize (modenize), -en (widen), -ify (simplify), -ate (originate), -y (slowly), -ward (backward), -wise (likewise), -teen (fourteen), -ty (forty), -th (ninth)

　　英語的詞頭有兩類：

　　1.構(gòu)成反義詞的詞頭：

　　un-(unhappy), dis-(disagree), in-(informal), im-(impolite), ir(irregular), ill-(illegal), non-(non-conductor), de-(defrost)

　　2.有特定的意思的詞頭，如：

　　re-(retell), mis-(misspell), co-(co-exist), anti-(anti-tank), pro-(pro-French), counter-(counteract), over-(overdo), under-(under-paid), ex-(ex-wife), pre-(predict), post-(post-war), fore-(foresee), self-(self-made), inter-(interact), tele-(telephone), super-(superman), micro-(microwave), semi-(semi-circle), mini-(minibus), vice-(vice-chairman)