小明英語(yǔ)課堂 第6課:換擋

教案：

Hello and welcome to Xiaoming Yingyu. Welcome toclass for today!

歡迎來(lái)到小明英語(yǔ)

So our slang for today is "change gears" or “shiftgears"

我們今天的俚語(yǔ)是“換擋”

If you like riding a bike, or driving a car, you mightknow what gears are

如果你喜歡騎車或者開(kāi)車，你應(yīng)該知道檔位

Gears are what you change when you want to change speeds

變換檔位可以變換速度

For example, when I ride a bike, and I’m riding on some flat ground

當(dāng)我在平路上騎車的時(shí)候

I usually keep the gear pretty high

我一般用比較高的檔

because I can push a lot, and go really fast

這樣我可以使勁蹬并且速度很快

But, if I’m going up a slope

但是當(dāng)我上坡的時(shí)候

then I have to shift gears into a lower number so that I can go up

我需要把檔降低

And it’s slower, but it’s a lot easier

雖然慢一些，但是上坡很省力

So the basic meaning of changing gears is changing speed

所以換擋的意思就是變換速度

But it can also mean to change direction quickly

但是它的意思也是快速的變化方向

for example, if you’re having a conversation with someone, or if you’re writing a passage

可以在和別人聊天或者寫作的時(shí)候使用

For example, I was talking to someone about

例如我和別人在聊我課上學(xué)到的內(nèi)容

what I was learning in class, and I wanted to talk about news

然后我想聊新聞

So what I said was, "blah blah blah…and that was my last class for the day. Now, let us shiftgears

我說(shuō)，。。。 這是我這天的最后一節(jié)課?，F(xiàn)在讓我們換換擋。

Did you hear about the escaped llama in Guatemala?"

你聽(tīng)說(shuō)了那只從危地馬拉逃走的草泥馬嗎?

So it’s kind of related to cars and bikes

所以是和騎車和自行車有關(guān)聯(lián)的

but instead of changing speed, it’s all about changing direction

但是是關(guān)于變換方向而不是變換速度

Now, let’s change gears and talk about sentence structure

現(xiàn)在讓我們來(lái)講每日句型

Here’s our example for today. Computers are a tool from which you get a lot of information

這是今天的例子：電腦是一個(gè)可以獲取很多信息的工具

"A is a B from which you get C"

A是B，從B里你可以獲取C

We have one more example. Oranges are a fruit are a fruit from which you get lots of Vitamin C

還有一個(gè)例子。橘子是一個(gè)可以獲取到很多維他命D的水果

Why don’t you try making a sentence? You can post it in the comments

你也來(lái)試試吧。你可以把自己造的句子寫在評(píng)論里

And today, we’re trying something new. I’m going to tell you about where a word came from.

今天我們來(lái)試試一個(gè)新的環(huán)節(jié)。讓我來(lái)告訴你一個(gè)單詞的根源

There is a word for this: etymology

這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)叫做詞源學(xué)

Because English is a mixture of a lot of languages

因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)是由很多語(yǔ)言構(gòu)成的

learning the etymology, or history and origin behind a word

了解一個(gè)單詞的歷史和根源

will unlock the meanings for a lot of new words

可以讓你知道很多單詞的意思

A good word to start with is the one I just taught you

拿剛剛說(shuō)過(guò)的單詞來(lái)講

An "etymon" is a root, from which another word can be created.

etymon是一個(gè)詞根，可以用來(lái)去造另外一個(gè)詞

In Greek, "etymon" meant the pure meaning of a word

在希臘語(yǔ)里，etymon的意思是一個(gè)單詞的純意

And so you can hear "etymon" is the first part of "Etymology"

你也可以看到，etymon是etymology的一部分

The "pure meaning of a word" is the root behind the word "talking about the history of words"

“一個(gè)單詞的純意”是“研究單詞歷史”中的詞根

A little confusing, right? I have a few more for you

是不是被我說(shuō)暈了?我們?cè)僭囋嚢?/p>

If you want to talk about an etymon, you can call it the "etymic" form of a word

如果你在說(shuō)etymon，你可以把它叫做一個(gè)單詞的etymic形式

So "etymon" is the noun, "etymic" is the adjective. You can tell because of the "ic" at the veryend

Etymon是名詞，etymic是形容詞，因?yàn)樗且詉c結(jié)尾的

If you see a word that ends in "ic" it should make you think, right away, "aha!" that’s anadjective

當(dāng)你看到一個(gè)單詞以ic結(jié)尾，你應(yīng)該立刻就直到它是一個(gè)形容詞

And a person who likes to study etymology is an etymologist

一個(gè)喜歡研究etymology的人是etymologist(詞源學(xué)家)

And soon, we will all be etymologists!

我們很快都會(huì)成為詞源學(xué)家啦

They like to do a certain thing in their free time, you can guess what that’s called?

詞源學(xué)家都喜歡做一件事，是什么呢?

Yes! They like to etymologize

對(duì)，就是etymologize(研究詞源學(xué))

That is the verb form. And they like to talk about all sorts of etymological things

這是動(dòng)詞。他們喜歡討論etymological things(詞源學(xué)有關(guān)的事情)

"Etymology" remember, is the noun. If you add "ical" it also turns it into an adjective

要記住，etymology是名字。如果你加上ical，它就成為了一個(gè)形容詞

Thank you for joining us at XiaoMing Yingyu

歡迎來(lái)到小明英語(yǔ)

I hope you learned something new in class today

我希望你今天學(xué)到了一些新的知識(shí)

and that you will join us again tomorrow

歡迎明天再次見(jiàn)到你

If you have any questions or comments, follow me on my Weibo, and we can talk!

如果你有任何問(wèn)題或建議，來(lái)微博上關(guān)注我吧