國際關(guān)系英語詞匯大全Unit 30

　　英語單詞講解 unit 30

　　1.Free market

　　A free market is a market system in which the prices for goods and services are set freely by consent between sellers and consumers, in which the laws and forces of supply and demand are free from any intervention by a government, price-setting monopoly, or other authority.

　　1.自由市場

　　自由市場是經(jīng)濟學(xué)術(shù)語，指金錢、貨物的流動完全是根據(jù)所有者個人自我意愿而進行的。自由市場經(jīng)濟就是以此為原則的經(jīng)濟體系。自由市場的原則是希望小政府大市場。

　　2.Planned economy

　　A planned economy is the economic system in which decisions regarding production and investment are embodied in a plan formulated by a central authority, usually by a public body such as a government agency. Thus it may be termed a "command economy". Although a planned economy may be based on either centralized or decentralized forms of economic planning, it usually refers to a centrally planned economy. Central planning aims to improve productivity and coordination by enabling planners to take advantage of better information achieved through the consolidation of economic resources when making decisions regarding investment and the allocation of economic inputs.

　　2.計劃經(jīng)濟

　　計劃經(jīng)濟，又稱統(tǒng)治經(jīng)濟或指令型經(jīng)濟，是一種經(jīng)濟體制，在這種體系下，國家在生產(chǎn)、資源分配以及消費等各方面，都是由政府事先進行計劃。“指令型經(jīng)濟”通常和計劃經(jīng)濟用法相同，但是詳加區(qū)分的話，指令型經(jīng)濟是指生產(chǎn)工具公有的經(jīng)濟體制。所以指令型經(jīng)濟必定是計劃經(jīng)濟，但計劃經(jīng)濟卻不必然為指令型經(jīng)濟。

　　3.Traditional economy

　　A traditional economy is an original economic system in which traditions, customs, and beliefs shape the goods and the products the society creates. Countries that use this type of economic system are often rural and farm-based. Also known as a subsistence economy, a traditional economy is defined by bartering and trading. Little surplus is produced, and if any excess goods are made, they are typically given to a ruling authority or landowner.

　　3.傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟

　　傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟體系是經(jīng)濟學(xué)的名詞又稱為自然經(jīng)濟，與商品經(jīng)濟相對，多是于鄉(xiāng)村以及農(nóng)業(yè)社會之中出現(xiàn)，主要是依據(jù)社會風(fēng)俗和慣例以解決三個基本經(jīng)濟問題(生產(chǎn)什么、如何生產(chǎn)、生產(chǎn)給誰)。