國際關(guān)系英語詞匯大全Unit 24

　　英語單詞講解 unit 24

　　1.Great Depression

　　The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in 1930 and lasted until the late 1930s or middle 1940s. It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century.

　　1.大蕭條

　　大蕭條，是指1929年至1933年之間全球性的經(jīng)濟(jì)大衰退。大蕭條是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)前最為嚴(yán)重的世界性經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。大蕭條的開始時(shí)間依國家的不同而不同，但絕大多數(shù)在1930年起，持續(xù)到30年代末，甚至是40年代末。大蕭條是二十世紀(jì)持續(xù)時(shí)間最長、影響最廣、強(qiáng)度最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。

　　2.Industrial Revolution

　　The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiency of water power, the increasing use of steam power, and the development of machine tools. It also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels to coal.

　　2.工業(yè)革命

　　工業(yè)革命，又稱產(chǎn)業(yè)革命，指資本主義工業(yè)化的早期歷程，即資本主義生產(chǎn)完成了從工廠手工業(yè)向機(jī)器大工業(yè)過渡的階段。工業(yè)革命是以機(jī)器取代人力，以大規(guī)模工廠化生產(chǎn)取代個(gè)體工場手工生產(chǎn)的一場生產(chǎn)與科技革命。由于機(jī)器的發(fā)明及運(yùn)用成為了這個(gè)時(shí)代的標(biāo)志，因此歷史學(xué)家稱這個(gè)時(shí)代為“機(jī)器時(shí)代”。

　　3.Gold Standard

　　A gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is based on a fixed quantity of gold.

　　Three types may be distinguished: specie, exchange, and bullion.

　　3.金本位

　　金本位是一種金屬貨幣制度，于19世紀(jì)中期開始盛行。在金本位制度下，每單位的貨幣價(jià)值等同于若干含重量的黃金(即貨幣含金量);當(dāng)不同國家使用金本位時(shí)，國家之間的匯率由它們各自貨幣的含金量之比值-金平價(jià)(Gold Parity)來決定。金本位制總共有三種實(shí)現(xiàn)形式：金幣本位制、金塊本位制和金兌匯本位制，其中金幣本位制最具有金本位制的代表性。