國際關(guān)系英語詞匯大全Unit 17

　　1.Intellectual property (IP)

　　Intellectual property (IP) rights are legally recognized exclusive rights to creations of the mind. Under intellectual property laws, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. Common types of intellectual property rights include copyright, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights, trade dress, and in some jurisdictions trade secrets.

　　1.知識產(chǎn)權(quán)

　　知識產(chǎn)權(quán)是指智力創(chuàng)造成果：發(fā)明、文學(xué)和藝術(shù)作品，以及商業(yè)中使用的符號、名稱、圖像和外觀設(shè)計。知識產(chǎn)權(quán)可以分為工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)與版權(quán)兩類，工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)包括發(fā)明(專利)、商標(biāo)、工業(yè)品外觀設(shè)計和地理標(biāo)志，版權(quán)則包括文學(xué)和藝術(shù)作品。

　　2.Futures studies

　　Futures studies (also called futurology and futurism) is the study of postulating possible, probable, and preferable futures and the worldviews and myths that underlie them.

　　2.未來學(xué)

　　未來學(xué)是一個綜合性研究人類重大領(lǐng)域的未來趨勢、可能圖景、面臨的挑戰(zhàn)、應(yīng)當(dāng)采取的對策等內(nèi)容的新學(xué)科。未來學(xué)也研究預(yù)測未來的科學(xué)方法。

　　3.Marginalization

　　Marginalization (or social exclusion) is social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society. It is a term used widely in Europe, and was first used in France. It is used across disciplines including education, sociology, psychology, politics and economics.

　　3.邊緣化

　　邊緣化，是指向人或事物發(fā)展主流的反方向移動、變化。邊緣化是一個比較抽象的說法，就是非中心，非主流，或者說被主流(主流社會、主流人群、主流意識形態(tài)、主流文化、主流經(jīng)濟等)所排斥，所不包容。