CNN News:什么是腦震蕩？

There`s a new CNN documentary premiering this weekend that examines a certain type of brain injury. The program is called, "Big Hits, Broken Dreams," and the host, CNN`s Dr. Sanjay Gupta, explores the impact of concussions on young athletes.

CNN在最近這周推出了一個關(guān)于腦部傷害的紀錄片。這個項目被稱為，大的沖擊&破碎的夢。桑吉古普塔教授作為此次項目的主持人對腦震蕩對年輕運動員所造成的影響做了詳細調(diào)查。

It`s a really relevant topic, especially to a lot of you high school football players out there. And I had a chance to talk with Dr. Gupta recently about the symptoms and effects of these injuries.

這確實是一個相對的話題，尤其對很多高中生足球運動員來說。最近我有幸與普塔教授探討了腦震蕩的臨床表現(xiàn)癥狀和影響。

Dr. Sanjay Gupta, can you start for us by just defining exactly what a concussion is?

桑吉古普塔教授，您收先給我們簡單介紹一下什么是腦震蕩么?

Well, let me say one thing that it`s not. It doesn`t mean you have to lose consciousness. I think that`s a misconception that unless you lose consciousness it`s not a concussion.

首先我要先說明一點，腦震蕩并不是代表是去意識。那是一種錯誤的認識，只要你失去了意識那便不屬于腦震蕩。

A concussion is a type of brain injury, where basically the -- you have lots of things firing in your brain at any given time. This is a disruption of that, so people feel some altered sensation, altered vision. They may feel like their hearing is in a tin box. They may get numb and they may get confused. So it can be anything as vague as that, but definitely people know it when they have it.

腦震蕩是一種腦部受損的疾病，就像有一團火時時刻刻在你腦子里面燒。這是腦震蕩所呈現(xiàn)出的一種分裂表現(xiàn)，所以有些腦震蕩患者總覺得看到的，感覺到的都不一樣?；颊咚牭降穆曇舳枷袷菑暮凶永锩姘l(fā)出來的，耳邊有嗡嗡的響聲?？赡馨橛新槟舅季S錯亂的癥狀出現(xiàn)。所以腦震蕩可以表現(xiàn)為任何一種模糊不清的癥狀，可以肯定的是，當(dāng)你有這些癥狀的時候，你肯定是患有腦震蕩了。

Why is it more dangerous for young people to take big hits than adults?

為什么年輕人患病要比成年人危險呢?

This is a bit counterintuitive, because typically young kids and children are usually more resilient to all sort of injuries. When it comes to the brain, it`s a little bit different, though, and that`s because the brain is still forming, still developing at that age.

這就有點違反常理了。從常理來講，年輕人和兒童是對外部傷害有一定的抵抗力。但當(dāng)病情發(fā)生在腦部的時候情況有點不同，因為在他們那個年齡，腦部還屬于一個發(fā)育和成長的階段。

And what they have found in now some very objective studies is that if you have a lot of these hits as a young person, you create some changes to the brain that can interfere with that development, and lead to lifelong problems, whether it be memory problems, whether it be emotional problems such as depression or anger, but it`s more -- it`s a little bit more pronounced in a young person.

據(jù)現(xiàn)在的研究表明，如果一個人在年輕時曾多次受到腦部損傷，那么他的腦部會伴隨著他的成長產(chǎn)生出很多負面影響，甚至影響到以后的生活?？赡苁怯洃浬系挠绊?，也可能是情感上的影響，例如情緒低落或者憤怒。但是更多，多一些的可能性是發(fā)生在年輕人身上。

Concussions are often caused by a shock to the head, so it`s common to see them in contact sports, like football. That`s what Dr. Gupta focused on in this CNN documentary. Part of what he looked at is how scientists are studying these injuries and working to prevent them.

腦震蕩通常由頭部受到撞擊引起，所以發(fā)生在運動員身上是非常普遍的現(xiàn)象，比如說足球。這就是桑吉古普塔教授帶給我們的信息。視頻中我們還可以看到科學(xué)家們工作的畫面。