新概念英語第二冊詳解第61課:Trouble with the Hubble
First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What is the special importance of a telescope in space?
The Hubble telescope was launched into space by NASA on April 20,1990 at a cost of over a billion dollars. Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble. The pictures it sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty! NASA is now going to put the telescope right, so it will soon be sending up four astronauts to repair it. The shuttle Endeavour will be taking the astronauts to the Hubble. A robot-arm from the Endeavour will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs. Of course, the Hubble is above the earth's atmosphere, so it will soon be sending us the clearest pictures of the stars and distant galaxies that we have ever seen. The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe. By the time you read this, the Hubble's eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousands of wonderful pictures.
New words and expressions 生詞和短語
Hubble n. 哈勃
telescope n. 望遠鏡
launch v. 發(fā)射
space n. 空間
NASA n.(National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 國家航空和航天局
billion n. 10億
faulty adj. 有錯誤的
astronaut n. 宇航員
shuttle n. 航天飛機
Endeavour n. “奮進”號
robot-arm n. 機器手
grab v. 抓
atmosphere n. 大氣層
distant adj. 遙遠的
galaxy n. 星系
universe n. 宇宙
eagle eye 鷹眼
參考譯文
哈勃望遠鏡于1990年4月20日由國家航空航天局發(fā)射升空，耗資10多億美元。從最開始哈勃望遠鏡就有問題。它傳送給我們的圖像很令人失望，因為它的主要鏡子有誤差。國家航天局準備糾正這一錯誤，為此將把4名宇航員送入太空修復望遠鏡。“奮進”號航天飛機將把宇航員送上哈勃。當宇航員進行必要的修復工作時，“奮進”號上的一只機器手將抓住望遠鏡并托住它。當然，哈勃位于地球的大氣層之外，因此，它很快就會給我們傳送我們所見到過的、有關行星和遠距離星系的最清晰的照片。哈勃將告訴我們有關宇宙的年齡和大小的許多事情。等到你讀到這篇文章時，敏銳的哈勃望遠鏡已經為我們送來了成千上萬張精彩的照片。
自學導讀
1.at a cost of,造價為……，耗資，以……的價格/費用。
He has just built a new house for his family at a cost of ￡10,000.
他剛為他的家庭蓋了一座新房子，耗資1萬英鎊。
2.Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble. 從最開始哈勃望遠鏡就有問題。
(1)start為名詞，表示“開始”、“開端”，from the start表示“從開始時”，副詞right起強調作用：
He didn't want to work at the firm(right) from the start.
他從最開始就不想在這家公司上班。
(2)trouble在這里指“(機器等的)故障”、“問題”：
There is (engine) trouble with my car.
我的汽車(發(fā)動機)有問題。
(3)the Hubble代指 the Hubble telescope。由于上下文中沒有其他以 Hubble命名的東西，前面又提到過一次Hubble telescope,所以用 the Hubble既簡潔又不會引起誤解。
3.NASA is now going to put the telescope right…國家航天局準備糾正這一錯誤……
put right表示“修好(故障等)”、“校正”、“糾正”等：
Have you put the watch/clock right?
你把表/鐘對好了嗎?
Remember to put the lights right tomorrow.
明天記得把燈修好。
4.…the Hubble is above the earth's atmosphere, so it will soon be sending us the clearest pictures of the stars and distant galaxies that we have ever seen.……哈勃位于地球的大氣層之外，因此，它很快就會給我們傳送我們所見到過的、有關恒星和遠距離星系的最清晰的照片。
(1)關系從句that we have ever seen修飾pictures。
(2)由于哈勃望遠鏡位于大氣層之外，它照相便不受大氣的阻擋，因此照片清晰。
(3)形容詞最高級后面的關系從句常用…ever heard, met, read,seen等完成式：
This is the longest book (that) I have ever read.
這是我所看過的書中最長的一部。
Ian is the most interesting man (that/whom) I have ever met.
伊恩是我所遇見的最有趣的人。
5.…the Hubble's eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousands of wonderful pictures.……敏銳的哈勃望遠鏡將已經為我們送來了成千上萬張精彩的照片。
(1)eagle eye的含義是“鷹眼”、“銳利目光”：
His father's eagle eye is always on him.
他父親的銳利目光總是盯著他。
(2)在表示“幾千”、“數千”、“許許多多”、“成千上萬”這些數字概念時可用thousands(of…):
There are hundreds of thousands/thousands and thou
sands of cars in this city.
這座城市里有成千上萬輛汽車。
語法 Grammar in use
將來完成進行時(The future perfect progressive tense)與其他形式的將來時
將來完成進行時的構成： will have been+現在分詞
(1)在第13課的語法中，我們學習了將來進行時。它表示將來某個時候正在進行的動作或表示計劃好的事。它不像一般將來時中的will,不表達“蓄意為之”的含義，只陳述將來的事實：
They will be arriving here tomorrow.
他們明天就要到達此地。
在第37課的語法中，我們學習了將來完成時。它用于表示到將來某一時刻已經完成的動作，必須和某個時間狀語連用：
Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year.
工人們將在今年年底前把新路鋪好。
(2)將來完成進行時表示某種狀況一直持續(xù)到說話人所提及的時間：
By this time next week, I will have been working for this firm for twenty years.
到下星期此刻，我就已經為這家公司工作了20年了。
在時間狀語從句中，要用現在完成時代替將來完成時(cf.第60課語法)：
詞匯學習 Word study
1.cost(n.), price(n.)與value(n.)
cost和price都可以表示“價格”、“價錢”，但price側重于指某個具體東西或商品的價錢，cost側重指某項服務、工程等的費用：
What's the price of the dress, please?
請問這件衣服多少錢?(詢問價錢時，price與what連用，不用 how much)
They built the bridge at a cost of over ￡600,000.
他們造這座橋的費用是六十多萬英鎊。
cost的復數表示“成本”：
I don't know the costs of these cars.
我不知道這些車的成本是多少。
price的復數表示“物價”：
Prices are going up again.
物價又上漲了。
value可以表示抽象的價值或重要性：
This book is of great value to me.
這本書對我來說很有價值/重要。
This newspaper has little value.
這份報紙沒什么價值。
value的復數形式表示“價值觀”：
His values are different from those of mine.
他的價值觀與我的不一樣。
2.cost(v.), price(v.)與value(v.)
cost為及物動詞，表示“價錢為”、“(使)花費”(不用于被動語態(tài))：
The new car cost him ￡5,000.
那輛新車花了他5,000英鎊。
How much did it cost to launch the Hubble telescope into space?
將哈勃望遠鏡發(fā)射升空花費了多少錢?
price作動詞用時在口語中表示“問……的價錢”、“查明/查詢……的價格”：
They priced cars for two days before they bought one.他們在詢問了兩天車價后才買了一輛車。
price還可以表示“給……定價/標價”：
The dress is priced at ￡50, but you can have it at ￡40.這件衣服標價為50英鎊，不過你可以花40英鎊買下它。value作及物動詞時可以表示“尊重”、“重視”等：
If you don't value my advice, I'll speak no more.如果你不重視我的建議，那我就什么也不再說了。
練習答案 Key to written exercises
1.難點練習答案
1 cost 2 price 3 value 4 cost 5 value 6 priced 7 cost
2.多項選擇題答案
1 b 2 a 3 c 4 c 5 a 6 d
7 c 8 a 9 b 10 b 11 d 12 d
【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語
★Hubble n. 哈勃
★telescope n. 望遠鏡
★launch v. 發(fā)射
★space n. 空間
指宇宙空間
room 空間，不可數
Could you make room for me?
★NASA n.(National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 國家航空和航天局
★billion n. 10億
★faulty adj. 有錯誤的
fault n.錯誤
★astronaut n. 宇航員
★shuttle n. 航天飛機
★Endeavour n. “奮進”號
★robot-arm n. 機器手
★grab v. 抓
★atmosphere n. 大氣層
atmosphere 氛圍
Eg.:I went to the New Concept English of New Oriental School for its good atmosphere.
★distant adj. 遙遠的
★galaxy n. 星系
★universe n. 宇宙
★eagle eye 鷹眼
科普性文章結構簡單，句式單一，單詞教難
學會邏輯閱讀
at a ost of 花費
Hubble
telescope
Hubble telescope 在句中做主語
was launched 動詞謂語
NASA (單詞縮寫)組織或者機構
there was trouble with the Hubble
there be 句型
trouble with 關于...有麻煩
what's the trouble with you?
start 開始
定語從句省略引導詞
主句：The pictures ...were...
-ing 令人……的
Sorry,it's my fault
faulty adj.有錯誤的
be going to 將要
put sth.right 把某物放正確
it 指代 NASA
send up 往上送
The shuttle Endeavour 主語，可能是交通工具
robot-arm :arm 手臂
hold it 抓住它
repairs 修理
above 在...上面(懸空的)
NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration 國家航空航天局
astronaut n. 飛行員
atmosphere
distant galaxies
stars 星星
a great deal (of) 大量(的)
by the time 到那時
everytime 每當
by the time you read this 到你讀這篇文章的時候
will have done 將來完成式
thousands and thousands of 成千上萬的
Hubble telescope 被人類送上天空的一種儀器
space 宇宙
launch 送進
disppinting 令人失望
astronaut 宇航員
robot-arm 機器人手臂
閱讀：
1.克服害怕的心理
2.學會理解單詞的含義
3.科普性文章的理解題在原文中尋找答案
Comprehension
1...because...
Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble .The pictures it sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty!
Answer B
2.The Hubble telescope____
The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe.
Answer:A
Structure
5...the telescope_____....
A robot-arm fromnthe Endeavour will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs.
for sb.to do sth 基本結構
Answer :A
so that + 句子
so long as + 句子：表示只要
which + 句子
Vocabulary
11...the Hubble____
had problems 有問題
requires repairs 需要修理
There was a problem with its main mirror.
What's the trouble with you?
problem with sth.
Answer D
1.problem=question
2.problem=trouble
12..The Hubble is____....
Answer D
above 在……之上(凌空)
above the earth's atmosphere 在大氣層的上方
【Key Structures】
1.將來完成時 will have done
2.將來進行時 will be doing
3.將來完成進行時 will have been doing
4.現在完成進行時 have been doing
將來完成進行時：
從某一點發(fā)生，一直延續(xù)到將來的某一點，并且還將可能延續(xù)下去
It has been raining....
We will have been learning book2...
區(qū)別：
1.一般將來時：事情在將來發(fā)生
2.將來進行時：等同于一般將來時
3.將來完成時：強調到將來某一點時間動作的結束
4.將來完成進行時：強調到將來某一點時間動作可能結束或延續(xù)
過去完成進行時: had been doing
過去完成進行時：到過去某一點時間為止動作一直在延續(xù)
Eg.:His father had dead...
Eg.:His father had been waiting for his son until he came back.
Eg.:Soon the astronauts will have repaired the telescope will have done 到將來某一點時間，動作完成
Eg.:By Friday midday,they will ahve been working on it for seven days.
work on sth. 關于……的工作
到將來某一點時間，動作延續(xù)
【Special dificulties】
cost,price,value : noun &verbs
Nouns :price 價格; cost 費用 ; value 價值
at the cost of 以……的費用
Verbs:price sth.打聽……的價格，并比較
cost 花費 sth cost money
value sth 認為……有價值
Eg.:Value your time!
Eg.:I value your advice.
value sth. owned by oneself 敝帚自珍
Exercise
1...in the (price,cost,value)of living.
sharp rise 大幅上升的
living 生活
the cost of living 生活的費用
2...asks me the (price,cost,value)
price 價格
3....you will (price ,cost,value)it more.
value 表示認為有價值
4...The house(value,cost,priced)
fortune 一大筆財富
cost 花費
5...(price,cost,value)....
enormouse 巨大的
community 社區(qū)，社會
value 價值
of great (enormouse)value 有巨大的價值
6.Jane has (value,cost,priced)
alternative 另外的
recommend 推薦
price sth.比較價格
7..(price,cost ,value)...
towards = to
the cost of rebuilding 重建費用
過去完成進行時 had been doing
