新概念英語第二冊詳解第59課:In or out
Our dog, Rex, used to sit outside our front gate and bark. Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate. As the neighbours complained of the noise, my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in. Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate. However, when I was going out shopping last week, I noticed him in the garden near the gate. This time he was barking so that someone would let him out ! Since then, he has developed another bad habit. As soon as he opens the gate from the outside, he comes into the garden and waits until the gate shuts. Then he sits and barks until someone lets him out. After this he immediately lets himself in and begins barking again. Yesterday my husband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since.
New words and expressions 生詞和短語
bark v. 狗叫
press v. 按，壓
paw n. 腳爪
latch n. 門閂
expert n. 專家
develop v. 養(yǎng)成
habit n. 習(xí)慣
remove v. 拆掉，取下
參考譯文
我家的狗雷克斯，過去常坐在大門外面叫。每當(dāng)它想到花園里來時(shí)，便汪汪叫個(gè)不停，直到有人把門打開。由于鄰居們對狗叫很有意見，所以我丈夫花了幾個(gè)星期的時(shí)間訓(xùn)練它用腳爪按住門閂把自己放進(jìn)來。雷克斯很快成了開門的專家。然而上星期我正要出去買東西時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)它正呆在花園里邊靠門的地方。這次它叫著讓人把它放出去!從那以后，它養(yǎng)成了另外一種壞習(xí)慣。它從外面把門一打開，就走進(jìn)花園，等著門自動(dòng)關(guān)上。這之后他就坐下汪汪叫起來，直到有人來把它放出去。出去之后，它又馬上把自己放進(jìn)來，接著再開始叫。昨天，我丈夫把門卸了下來，雷克斯很生氣，此后我們便再也沒有見到它。
自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀
1.Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate.每當(dāng)它想到花園里來時(shí)，便汪汪叫個(gè)不停，直到有人把門打開。
every time在這里為連詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“每次”、“每當(dāng)”，主句中的would表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。用一般過去時(shí)的句子中它們經(jīng)常連用：
Every time we met, we would talk for a while.
我們每次見面都要聊一會(huì)兒。
Every time he came to the restaurant, he would first ask for a cup of tea.
他每次到這個(gè)飯館來，都是先要一杯茶。
2.…my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in.……我丈夫花了幾個(gè)星期的時(shí)間訓(xùn)練它用腳爪按住門閂把自己放進(jìn)來。
(1)spend表示“在……上花時(shí)間”時(shí)，后面如果跟名詞則用介詞on;如果跟動(dòng)名詞則用介詞in(在口語中in往往省略)：
Why don't you spend more time on studies?
你為什么不在學(xué)習(xí)上再多花點(diǎn)時(shí)間呢?
I spent two weeks(in) reading this book.
我花了兩星期的時(shí)間讀這本書。
(2)train的賓語是him, to press…是賓語補(bǔ)足語，to let…為目的狀語。
3.Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate.雷克斯很快成了開門的專家。
expert表示“做/干……的專家/高手”時(shí)后面通常用 at doing sth.;表示在某一領(lǐng)域是“專家”、“權(quán)威”時(shí)可用介詞in或on:
John is an expert at driving a car.
約翰是開車高手。
She is an expert in flowers.
她是花卉方面的專家。
Sam is an expert on that problem.
薩姆是研究那個(gè)問題的權(quán)威。
4.This time he was barking so that someone would let him out!這次它叫著讓人把它放出去!
連詞so that引導(dǎo)的是目的狀語從句。(cf.本課語法)
語法 Grammar in use
1.復(fù)習(xí)第50～58課語法
2.表示目的的幾種方式：to, in order to, so as to, so that, in order that
(1)帶to的不定式及其變體in order to和so as to 可以用來表示目的：
I went to live in France to/in order to/so as to learn French.
我去法國居住，以便學(xué)習(xí)法語。
not to可以用于表示取舍：
I went to France not to study French, but to study chemics.
我去法國不是為了學(xué)法語，而是為了學(xué)化學(xué)。
so as not to/in order not to可以用于表示“以防”：
I shut the door quietly, so as not to/in order not to wake the baby.
為了不驚醒嬰兒，我輕輕地關(guān)上門。
在bring, buy, need, take, use, want等動(dòng)詞后經(jīng)常用賓語+不定式(而不用賓語+in order to/so as to)，不定式表示用賓語的目的：
I want something to drink.
我想要一點(diǎn)喝的東西。
I need a spoon to eat this ice cream with.
我需要一把湯匙來吃這冰淇淋。
Bring me a chair to sit on.
給我拿一把椅子來坐。
(2)連詞 so that, in order that可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。當(dāng)主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)候，so that和 in order that后面可以跟may, can或will。so that比in order that更為普遍：
I've arrived early so that/in order that I may/can/will get the tickets.
我到得早，以便能買到票。
當(dāng)主句中的動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)候， so that和in order that后面跟should, could, might或would:
I arrived early so that/in order that I should/could/might/would get the tickets.
(譯文同上)
so that和in order that后面的否定形式如下：
I arrived early so that/in order that I might not miss anything.
我到得很早，以免錯(cuò)過什么。(否定句中不可用could,可用should, would等)
(3)相比之下，帶to, so as to和 in order to的結(jié)構(gòu)比帶that的結(jié)構(gòu)要簡單、自然，所以多為人使用：
I arrived early so as not to/in order not to miss anything.(譯文同上)
當(dāng)前后主語不一致時(shí)，不定式前面加for+名詞/代詞比that結(jié)構(gòu)更簡潔
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1.press
(1)vt., vi.按，擠，壓：
She pressed my hand warmly.
她熱情地握我的手。
Can you press that button for me please?
請問您能幫我按一下那個(gè)按鈕嗎?
The dog pressed his paw on the latch to let himself in.
那狗用腳爪按住門閂把自己放進(jìn)來。
(2)vt.擠取，榨取(……的汁)：
This is the time of the year when they press their grapes.
這是他們榨葡萄汁的季節(jié)。
If you prefer juice, you can press some oranges.
如果你更喜歡果汁，你可以榨些橙汁。
(3)vt.催促，敦促，竭力勸說：
My parents pressed me to enter for the competition.
我父母竭力勸我報(bào)名參加這個(gè)競賽。
I don't like to be pressed.我不喜歡被人催促。
2.develop vt.,vi.
(1)發(fā)展，擴(kuò)展：
The village has developed into a town now.
那個(gè)村子現(xiàn)在已擴(kuò)展成一個(gè)鎮(zhèn)了。
Do you believe that you can develop your mind through watching TV?
你相信通過看電視能開發(fā)你的智力嗎?
It's hard to develop your business in this city.
在這座城市擴(kuò)展你的業(yè)務(wù)是困難的。
(2)(逐漸)顯現(xiàn)出，產(chǎn)生，獲得，養(yǎng)成：
He has developed another bad habit.
他/它養(yǎng)成了另外一種壞習(xí)慣。
She developed an interest in swimming.
她對游泳產(chǎn)生了興趣。
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
A b opens (1.9); comes (1.9); waits…shuts (11.9-10);sits…barks…lets…lets (1.10); begins (1.10)
c wanted (1.2); opened (1.3); complained (1.3); spent (1.4); became (1. 5); noticed (1.6); removed (1.11);got (1.11)
d has developed (1.8); have not seen (1.11)
e was going out (1.6); was barking (1.7)
C 1 He is said to be/It is said that he is very rich.
2 There is said to be/It is said that there is a hold-up on the roads.
3 I was given a pen./A pen was given to me.
4 She was given a prize./A prize was given to her.
5 We were promised a new office./A new office was promised to us.
(Note: In numbers 3-5, the second alternative is grammatically correct but rarely used.)
2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
1 He left early so as not to see me.
2 The secretary asked me into the office so that the manager might speak to me.
3 I ran to the station so as not to be late.
4 He worked hard in order to learn English.
5 He has not sent me his address so that I will/shall not be able to write to him.
6 I went to see him to find out what had happened.
3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
1 d 2 b 3 d 4 d 5 d 6 a
7 b 8 a 9 d 10 a 11a 12 b
【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語
★bark v. 狗叫
The dog is barking
Somebody is barking
★press v. 按，壓
pressure :壓力
★paw n. 腳爪
cat's paw :被人所利用的人
I don't want to be a cat's paw.
★latch n. 門閂
bar :門閂
★expert n. 專家
expert at/in 在某一方面是專家
expert at/in dong sth
expert at / in opening the door
★develop v. 養(yǎng)成
develop the film :沖洗膠卷
develop :發(fā)展
developing skills ;發(fā)展技巧
fluency in English
developing country :發(fā)展中國家
developed country :發(fā)達(dá)國家
boiling water :滾開水
boiled water：開水
★habit n. 習(xí)慣
custom :風(fēng)格，習(xí)俗
customs:海關(guān)
customer:顧客
★remove v. 拆掉，取下
remove sth from
【課文講解】
let sb in: 讓某人進(jìn)來
let sb out :讓某人出去
let sb down:讓某人失望
let's
front gate
would = used to
every time=when :當(dāng)什么時(shí)候，后面可以是點(diǎn)，可以是斷
the moment = as soon as：一...就...(強(qiáng)調(diào)的是瞬間)
every time 每次，每當(dāng)
Every time I turn to lesson 59,I will remember my teacher.
The dog used to bark outside the front gate to let(make)somebody open the door.
complain of :抱怨
spend time doing：花費(fèi)某斷時(shí)間去做某事
It takes do 事情做主語
sb spend time 人做主語
train sb to do :訓(xùn)練某人做某事
press his paw/press the latch
press the button/press the figure on the button
going out shopping
so that :以便于，為了(表達(dá)目的)
so...that...如此...以致于
表達(dá)目的：to/in order to /in order that/ so as to /so that
to + 動(dòng)詞原型， that+從句
目的狀語從句必須具備一個(gè)特征：在動(dòng)詞前面一定要出現(xiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
after this
got 是謂語動(dòng)詞
have seen 也是謂語dc
so annoyed(that)
so...that...:如此...以致于，結(jié)果狀語從句，可以省略一個(gè)詞
so that 目的狀語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞前面一定要要情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
since(加在尾巴上)=since then :從那時(shí)起到現(xiàn)在為止
【Special difficulties】
表達(dá)目的的幾種方式?。簍o/in orderto /so as to +原型
in order that /so that +目的狀語從句
目的狀語從句當(dāng)中不存在want,只有to do
非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式在結(jié)構(gòu)前面
如果發(fā)現(xiàn)do的動(dòng)作不是由主語做的，而是由其他人做的，在do的前面加for sb
不定式的邏輯主語：for sb to do sth
【Multiple choice questions】
6...was barking__....
so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句
Answer A
in case 以防萬一，如果
Eg.:Bring your umbrella in case it rains.
so 表示結(jié)果;引導(dǎo)句子
to do不定式做目的狀語
for sb to do sth = so that sb. do sth.
7. As soon as he____...
Answer B
as soon as 引導(dǎo)狀語從句
狀語從句中使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)取代一般將來時(shí)
be opening 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生
has been doing 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還將延續(xù)
