Word study
Appear :1. 出現(xiàn)
The sun appeared on the horizon.
太陽從地平線上升起來了。
2. 看來;似乎
She appears very tired.
她顯得很疲勞。
They appear to have misunderstood me.
他們似乎誤解了我。
3. 公開露面;出版,發(fā)表
His article appeared in China Daily yesterday.
他的文章昨天發(fā)表于“中國日報”上。
4.可以發(fā)現(xiàn);有
His photo appears in many magazines.
他的照片刊登在許多雜志上。
5. lt appears to me that... 據(jù)我看來, 我覺得
6. appearance 外貌,外觀
disappear 消失
bright
1.閃光的;明亮的;發(fā)光的
The sun was very bright.
太陽很明亮。
2.鮮艷的
bright red 鮮紅色
3.生氣勃勃的;愉快的
bright eyes
流露喜悅的眼神
The garden is bright with flowers.
鮮花滿園。
4.聰明的;伶俐的
a bright child
聰明的孩子
5. 樂觀的;前途光明的
a bright future 光明前途
He has a bright future as a writer.
作為一個作家,他前途光明。
課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1.She must be at least thirty-five years old.
她至少也有35歲了。
(1)at least 是一固定短語,表示“至少”:
He borrowed at least five books from the library.
他從圖書館至少借了5本書。
If you can't clean the car, you can at least help me to clean it.
如果你不能擦車,你至少可以幫我擦。
(2)我們已學(xué)過兩種年齡表示法。
一種是“數(shù)字+years old”,作表語:
My father is fifty-seven years old now.
我父親現(xiàn)在已57歲了。
另一種是“數(shù)字+ -year-old”,作定語:
Last week, my four-year-old daughter, Sally, was invited to a children's party.
上周,我4歲的女兒薩莉應(yīng)邀去參加一個兒童晚會。
2.In spite of this…盡管如此……
(1)in spite of為固定短語,意為“不管”、“盡管”,后面可以跟名詞、代詞或從句:
In spite of the rain, they went on their journey.
盡管下雨,他們還是繼續(xù)旅行。
In spite of what you have said about her, she is much better than Mary.
不管你說她什么,她比瑪麗要好得多。
(2)this 代指上句話,即“她至少也有35歲”這個事實。
3.This time, she will be a girl of seventeen.
這一次,她將扮演一個17歲的少女。
be在這里是“扮演”的意思:
Tonight, Karen Marsh is Helen.
今晚卡倫·馬什扮演海倫。
4.In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings.
演出時她必須穿一條鮮紅色的裙子和黑色的長筒襪。
(1)in在這句話中表示“穿著”、“戴著”:
The girl in red over there is my neighbour.
那邊那個穿紅衣服的女孩是我的鄰居。
John was in a black dress this morning.
約翰今天上午穿的是件黑衣服。
(2)dress 一般指連衣裙、套裙,也可以指外穿的衣服或特定場合穿的禮服:
Everyone is in evening dress tonight.
今晚大家都穿了晚禮服。
5.Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up!
親愛的,長成大人真可怕啊!
(1)it 為先行詞,代替 to be grown up,這個不定式是句子真正的主語。再如:
It is a pleasant thing to have many friends.
有許多朋友是件令人愉悅的事。
(2)這句話的言外之意是她還沒有長成大人,還是個小姑娘,因為她用的是表示推測的 must。
語法 Grammar in use
情態(tài)助動詞 must
(1) must 一般譯為“必須”,可以表示“必要”、“命令或強制”、“邀請”、“決心”、“不可推卸的責(zé)任”等多種含義。
它沒有時態(tài)和人稱變化,通常只用于現(xiàn)在時和將來時。
在其他時態(tài)中,must的有些含義可以由have to或have got to來補足。這3種形式一般可以互換,但彼此是有差別的。
用于第一人稱時,have to和have got to強調(diào)客觀的要求或外在的原因,must則強調(diào)主觀的要求或表示說話的人認(rèn)為自己有權(quán)做某事:
I have to look after the baby.
我得照管這孩子。(因為客觀原因)
I must see the boss.
我必須見老板。(主觀要求)
They must leave (tomorrow).
他們(明天)必須出發(fā)。
They had to leave.
他們(當(dāng)時)不得不出發(fā)。(過去時中用 have to 代替)
They have had to leave.
他們(當(dāng)時)不得不出發(fā)。
(2)have to和 have got to往往可以互換:
I have to/have got to leave home every morning at 7:30.
我每天早上7點半就得離開家。
但是,與always, sometimes 等頻度副詞連用時,用have to往往比用have got to好:
I often have to get up at 5. Do you ever have to get up at 5?
我經(jīng)常5點就得起床。你有時候也得5點起床嗎?
have got to比have to聽上去要更加口語化一些:
I have got to spend five days on this task.
我得在這件事上花上五天。
(3)在表達“難道你不能不(做……)”的含義時,一般用“Must you…?”句型而不用“Do you have to…?”或“Have you got to…?”句型:
Must you say so?
難道不能不這么說嗎?(你一定要這么說嗎?)
(4)must還可以用來表示推測:
He must be at home now.
他現(xiàn)在肯定在家。
He must be mad to drive anywhere today!
他今天居然開車出去,真是瘋了!
TEXT
1. 名詞+名詞+ed 構(gòu)成的形容詞
orange-colored 橙色的 honey-mouthed 甜言蜜語的
apple-shaped 蘋果形狀的 hook-nosed 鷹鉤鼻的
chicken-hearted 膽小的 bull-necked 脖子短粗的
2. in spite of 雖然,盡管……仍然
I went out in spite of the snow.
盡管下雪,我還是出去了。
The firemen went on with their work in spite of the danger.
盡管危險,消防隊員還是繼續(xù)救火。
3. 賓語從句中要用陳述句的句子順序:關(guān)系詞后面句子成分的順序是先主語,后謂語。
注意觀察下列句子中后面部分
主語和謂語順序的區(qū)別,前面的句子是錯誤的.
Children always ask how were they born. (錯句)
Children always ask how they were born.
孩子們常問,他們是怎么生出來的。
She doesn’t know how old is she. (錯句)
She doesn’t know how old she is..
她不知道,她多大了。
4. take part in 參加
play a part /role in 在……中扮演角色或起……作用
1) The young should take active part in volunteer work.
年輕人應(yīng)該積極參加志愿者活動。
2) Study plays an important part in one’s life.
學(xué)習(xí)在一個人的生活中起很重要的作用。
3) He has a miner role to play in the film.
他要在電影里扮演一個小角色。
注意: 參考第一課中pay attention to 的講解。
上面例句3)里對短語進行了改裝,本來是動詞
短語改成了名詞短語a role to play. 很多類似短語
都可以有類似的變化,比如:You should pay more attention to your work.
= More attention should be paid to your work.
核心句型:must 表示推測的用法,理解為“一定,肯定……”
1.must +be
You must be tired after a whole day’s work.
工作了一整天,你一定累了。
He must be the wanted man: he’s exactly like his picture.
他一定是那個通緝犯:他和照片上一模一樣。
2.must +have done
We must have read the same report.
我們一定是看了同一份報告。
She must have received the parcel: I sent it by registered post.
她一定已經(jīng)收到包裹了,我是用掛號寄的。