大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程下冊(cè)課文(帶字幕)12

[00:00.00]Unit 12 text A
[00:04.88]Let Your Mind Wander
[00:06.96]讓心情暢游
[00:09.04]Until recently daydreaming was generally considered either a waste of time
[00:13.47]直到最近,白日夢(mèng)通常被認(rèn)為不是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間
[00:17.89]or a symptom of neurotic tendencies,
[00:20.72]就是要患精神病的征兆。
[00:23.54]and habitual daydreaming was regarded as evidence of maladjustment
[00:27.51]習(xí)慣性白日做夢(mèng)被看做精神失調(diào)的證據(jù)
[00:31.48]or an escape from life's realities and responsibilities.
[00:34.90]或是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活和責(zé)任的逃避.
[00:38.32]It was believed
[00:39.94]人們相信,
[00:41.56]hat habitual daydreaming would eventually distance people from society
[00:45.35]慣性白日夢(mèng)會(huì)使人遠(yuǎn)離社會(huì),
[00:49.14]and reduce their effectiveness in coping with real problems.
[00:52.36]降低其處理現(xiàn)實(shí)問題的效率.
[00:55.59]At its best,daydreaming was considered
[01:01.05]a compensatory substitute for the real things in life.
[01:04.29]就最好的情況來講,白日做夢(mèng)被認(rèn)為是代替生活現(xiàn)實(shí)的補(bǔ)償品.
[01:07.53]As with anything carried to excess,daydreaming can be harmful.
[01:11.16] 任何事情做得過分都可能有害,白日夢(mèng)也是一樣.
[01:14.79]There are always those who would substitute fantasy lives
[01:21.27]for the rewards of real activity.
[01:23.70]總有那么一些人,他們用想入非非的生活來代替實(shí)際活動(dòng)得到的好處.
[01:26.13]But such extremes are relatively rare,
[01:28.56]但是這一類極端的情況較為罕見,
[01:30.98]and there is a growing body of evidence to support the fact
[01:34.55]愈來愈多的資料都支持這樣一種看法:
[01:38.12]that most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming
[01:44.57]rather than an excess of it.
[01:46.50]大多人白日夢(mèng)做的太少了,而不是太多了.
[01:48.43]We are now beginning to learn how valuable it really is
[01:51.40]現(xiàn)在我們才開始了解到它確實(shí)是多么有價(jià)值.
[01:54.36]and that when individuals are completely prevented from daydreaming
[02:01.03]their emotional balance can be disturbed.
[02:03.65]當(dāng)一個(gè)被禁止做白日夢(mèng)時(shí),他們的感情平衡就可能被擾亂.
[02:06.28]Not only are they less able to deal with the pressures ofday-to-day existence,
[02:10.55]不但使他們更難以處理日常的生存壓力,
[02:14.82]but also their self-controland self-direction become endangered.
[02:18.40]而且他們的自我控制和自我定向變得岌岌可危.
[02:21.98]Recent research indicates that daydreaming is part of daily life
[02:26.06] 最近的研究表明,白日夢(mèng)是日常生活的一部分,
[02:30.15]and that a certain amount each dayis essential for maintaining equilibrium.
[02:34.23]每天做一定數(shù)量的白日夢(mèng)對(duì)保持平衡是必不可少的.
[02:38.30]Daydreaming,science has discovered,is an effective relaxation technique.
[02:42.39]科學(xué)已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)白日夢(mèng)是一種有效的消遣技巧.
[02:46.48]But its beneficial effects go beyond this.
[02:49.14]但它的有利影響不只這一點(diǎn),
[02:51.81]Experiments show that daydreaming significantly contributes
[02:55.07]實(shí)驗(yàn)表明白日夢(mèng)特別有助于智力的發(fā)展,
[02:58.34]to intellectual growth, powers of concentration,
[03:01.97]全神貫注的能力
[03:05.60]and the ability to interact and communicate with others.
[03:08.93]和與人交往,交流的能力.
[03:12.26]In an experiment with schoolchildren in New York.
[03:14.90]在紐約對(duì)學(xué)音的一次實(shí)驗(yàn)中,
[03:17.54]Dr.Joan Freyberg observed improved concentration:
[03:21.01]瓊.弗雷伯格博士觀察到了注意力的改善:
[03:24.49]"There was less running around,more happy feelings,
[03:27.80]"四處跑的現(xiàn)象少了,孩子們更開心,
[03:31.12]more talking and playing in the group,and more attention paid to detail.
[03:34.99]更愛一起談話一起玩了,而且更多地注意細(xì)節(jié)."
[03:38.85]In another experiment at Yale University,
[03:41.39]在耶魯大學(xué)的另一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,
[03:43.92]Dr.Jerome Singer found that daydreaming resulted
[03:46.95]杰羅姆.辛發(fā)現(xiàn),白日夢(mèng)能可以
[03:49.98]in improved self-control and enhanced creative thinking ability.
[03:54.11]提高自我控制力和增強(qiáng)創(chuàng)造性的思維能力.
[03:58.24]Daydreaming,Singer pointed out,
[04:00.46]辛格指出,
[04:02.68]is one way individualscan improve upon reality.
[04:05.85]白日做夢(mèng)是個(gè)人超越現(xiàn)實(shí)一種方式.
[04:09.03]It is,he concluded,a powerful spur to achievement.
[04:12.36]他得出一個(gè)結(jié)論,白日做夢(mèng)對(duì)成功是一種強(qiáng)有力的刺激.
[04:15.69]But the value Of daydreaming does not stop here.
[04:18.42] 但白日夢(mèng)的價(jià)值并非僅限于此.
[04:21.15]It has been found that it improves a person's ability
[04:24.42]已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),白日夢(mèng)能提高一個(gè)人的能力,
[04:27.70]to be better adapted to practical,immediate concerns,
[04:31.03]使他能更好的適應(yīng)實(shí)際的,緊急的事物,
[04:34.36]to solve everyday problems,and to come up more readily with new ideas.
[04:38.84]解決日常問題,并能較容易地提出新的想法.
[04:43.32]Contrary to popular belief,constant and conscious effort at solving a problem is,
[04:48.10]與普通的觀點(diǎn)相反,不斷的,有意識(shí)的努力解決問題
[04:52.88]in reality one of the most inefficient ways of coping with it.
[04:56.41]實(shí)際上是一種最沒有效率的處理問題方式之一.
[04:59.94]While conscious initial effort is always necessary,
[05:03.11]雖然最初有意識(shí)的努力常常是必需的,
[05:06.29]effective solutions to especially severe problems
[05:09.52]但在放棄解決問題的有意識(shí)的嘗試時(shí),
[05:12.76]frequently occur when conscious attempts to solve them have been put off.
[05:16.09]對(duì)于特別嚴(yán)重的問題的有效解決方法常常才出現(xiàn).
[05:19.43]Inability to relax,to let go of a problem,often prevents its solution.
[05:24.05]不會(huì)放棄,不會(huì)對(duì)某個(gè)問題置之不理,常常妨礙問題的解決.
[05:28.67]Historically,scientists and inventors are one group
[05:34.63]that seems to take full advantage of-relaxed moments.
[05:38.05] 歷史上,科學(xué)家和發(fā)明家似乎以至于能充分利用放松時(shí)刻的群體.
[05:41.47]Their biographies reveal that their best ideas
[05:44.61]他們的傳記提示了他們最好的想法
[05:47.74]seem to have occurred when they were relaxing and daydreaming.
[05:50.97]似乎產(chǎn)生他們放松和幻想的時(shí)候.
[05:54.19]It is well known,for example,that New ton solved many of his toughest problems
[06:02.87]when his attention was waylaid by private musings.
[06:06.20]例如,眾所周知,牛頓在其注意力被個(gè)人深思打斷時(shí)解決了許多棘手難題.
[06:09.53]Thomas Alva Edison also knew the value of "half waking" states.
[06:13.36]托馬斯.阿爾瓦.愛迪生也知道"半清醒"狀態(tài)的價(jià)值.
[06:17.18]Whenever confronted With a task which seemed too hard to be dealt with
[06:21.22]不論何時(shí)遇到似乎太難對(duì)付的任務(wù),
[06:25.25]he would stretch out on his laboratory sofa and let fantasies flood his mind.
[06:29.97]他都要舒展四肢躺在他實(shí)驗(yàn)室的沙發(fā)上,讓幻想任意在腦際流淌.
[06:34.68]Painters,writers,and composers also have drawn heavily
[06:42.26]on their sensitivity to inner fantasies.
[06:44.94] 畫家,作家和作曲家都十分依賴對(duì)內(nèi)心幻覺的敏感性.
[06:47.61]Debussy used to gaze at the River Seine
[06:50.49]德布希常常盯著塞納河
[06:53.36]and the golden reflections of the setting sun
[06:58.82]to establish an atmosphere for creativity.
[07:01.55]和落日的金色反光來建立一種創(chuàng)造性的氛圍.
[07:04.28]Brahms found that ideas came effortless only
[07:11.75]when he approached a state of deep daydreaming.
[07:14.63]伯拉姆斯發(fā)現(xiàn)只有當(dāng)他陷入一種深深的幻想狀態(tài)時(shí),各種想法才會(huì)毫不費(fèi)力地涌而出.
[07:17.50]And Cesar Frank is said to have walked around
[07:20.69]據(jù)說塞薩爾.弗蘭克作曲時(shí),你做夢(mèng)一樣慈祥著四處走動(dòng),
[07:23.87]with a dreamlike gaze while composing,
[07:29.44]seemingly totally unaware of his surroundings.
[07:32.22]似乎完全意識(shí)不到他周圍的事物.
[07:35.00]Many successful people actually daydreamed their-successes
[07:38.63] 許多成功者實(shí)現(xiàn)他們成功和成就前,
[07:42.26]and achievements long before they realized them.
[07:45.24]實(shí)際上早就在做白日夢(mèng)了.
[07:48.22]Henry J.Kaiser maintained that "you can imagine your future,"
[07:52.05]享利.丁.凱澤堅(jiān)持說:"他能想象你的未來."
[07:55.87]and he believed that a great part of his business success
[08:02.40]was due to positive use of daydreams.
[08:05.08]他相信他的大部分商業(yè)成功是由于幻想的作用.
[08:07.76]Harry S.Truman said that he used daydreaming for rest.
[08:11.04]哈利.S.杜魯門說他利用幻想來休息.
[08:14.32]Conrad Hilton dreamed of operating a hotel when he was a boy.
[08:17.79]當(dāng)他還是個(gè)小男孩時(shí),
[08:21.26]He recalled that all his accomplishments were first realized in his imagination.
[08:25.23]康拉德.希爾頓就幻想經(jīng)營(yíng)一家旅館,
[08:29.20]"Great living starts with a pictureheld in some person's imagination
[08:33.37] "偉大的生活開始于人們想象中的圖畫,
[08:37.54]of what he would like someday to do or be.
[08:40.20]這就是有一天花板他愿意去做的事或成為的樣子.
[08:42.87]Florence Nightingale dreamed of being a nurse .
[08:45.51]佛洛倫斯.南丁格爾想做一名護(hù)士,
[08:48.14]Edison pictured himself an inventor;
[08:50.66]愛迪生把自己描繪成發(fā)明家,
[08:53.19]all such characters escaped the mere push of circumstance
[08:56.42]所有這些人都通過生動(dòng)形象的想象未來而為之追求,
[08:59.66]by imagining a future so vividly that they headed for it."
[09:03.39]從環(huán)境壓力中解脫出來."
[09:07.11]These are the words of the well-known thinker Dr.Harry Emerson Fosdick
[09:11.24]這就是著名思想家享利.愛默森.福斯迪克的話,
[09:15.36]and they show that people can literally daydream themselves to success.
[09:18.79]這些話表明人們科可以幻想并使自己成功.
[09:22.21]Fosdick,aware of the wonderful power of positive daydreaming,
[09:25.52]福斯迪克意識(shí)到幻想的強(qiáng)大力量,提出這這樣一條建議:
[09:28.84]offered this advice:"Hold a picture of yourself
[09:32.67]"在你心目中,晝長(zhǎng)期并穩(wěn)定保留你自己的形象,
[09:36.50]long and steadily enough in your mind's eye,and you will be drawn toward it.
[09:40.77]你就會(huì)被驅(qū)使著向這個(gè)方向發(fā)展.
[09:45.04]Picture yourself vividly as defeated and that alone will make victory impossible.
[09:50.28]把自己生動(dòng)形象地描繪成失敗者,僅此便可使勝利成為泡影.
[09:55.51]Picture yourself as winning and that will contribute remarkably to success,
[09:59.59]把自己描繪為勝利者,就會(huì)極大地有助于成功.
[10:03.66]Do not picture yourself as anything,
[10:05.88]不要把自己描繪為任何不值一提的人,
[10:08.10]and you will drift like an abandoned ship at sea."
[10:11.07]你會(huì)像大海的棄船一樣隨波逐流."
[10:14.03]To get the results,you should picture yourself
[10:19.81]as vividly as possible--as you want to be.
[10:22.63] 為了獲得成功,你應(yīng)該把自己描繪成想要成為的樣子--盡可能生動(dòng)形象.
[10:25.45]The important thing-to remember is to picture these desired objectives
[10:33.31]as if you had already attained them.
[10:35.69]要記住的重要一點(diǎn)是描述這些渴望的事物,就像你已得到了它們一樣.
[10:38.07]Go over several times the details of these pictures.
[10:41.49]多次審視這些形象的細(xì)節(jié),
[10:44.91]This will deeply impress them on your memory,
[10:47.44]這將深深地把它們銘刻在你的記憶中,
[10:49.98]and these memory traces will soon start influencing your everyday behavior
[10:58.02]toward the attainment of the goal.
[11:00.36]這些記憶將很快影響你的日常行為,直至達(dá)到目標(biāo).
[11:02.70]While exercising your imagination,you should be alone and completely undisturbed.
[11:07.18] 當(dāng)發(fā)揮你的想象時(shí),你應(yīng)該獨(dú)自一人,完全不受干擾.
[11:11.66]Some individuals seem to have the ability to tune into their private selves
[11:18.61]in the midst of the noisiest crowds or company.
[11:21.59]有些人似乎能在最嘈雜的人群中進(jìn)行自我調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)入安靜狀態(tài).
[11:24.56]But most of us,especially when the experience is new,
[11:27.60]但我們大多數(shù)人,特別是當(dāng)這還是一種新的體驗(yàn)時(shí),
[11:30.63]require an environment free from outside distraction.
[11:33.50]需要一個(gè)完全不受外界干擾的環(huán)境.
[11:36.37]A life lived without fantasy and daydreaming is a seriously impoverished one.
[11:41.09] 沒有想象和幻想的生活是極為貧乏的生活.
[11:45.80]Each of us should put aside a few minutes daily
[11:48.69]我們每個(gè)人應(yīng)該每天拿出幾分鐘時(shí)間,
[11:51.58]taking short 10-or 15-minute vacations.
[11:54.40]讓自己享受10到15分鐘的假期.
[11:57.22]Daydreaming is highly beneficial to your physical and mental well-being
[12:01.40]白日做夢(mèng)對(duì)你的身心健康高度有益,
[12:05.58]and you will find that this modest,inexpensive investment in time
[12:09.46]你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這一小小的廉價(jià)的時(shí)間投資
[12:13.34]will add up to a more creative and imaginative,
[12:19.68]a more Satisfied,and a more self-fulfilled you.
[12:22.71]最終帶來的是一個(gè)更有創(chuàng)造性能超群,更富想象力,
[12:25.74]It offers us a fuller sense of being intensely alive
[12:29.23]一個(gè)更心滿意足和一個(gè)更躊躇滿志的你.
[12:32.72]from moment to moment,and this of course,
[12:35.54]它常常使我們更充分地意識(shí)到生活的緊張激烈,
[12:38.36]contributes greatly to the excitement and joy of living.
[12:41.64]這當(dāng)然大大有助于增加生活的興奮和樂趣.
[12:44.92]Text B
[12:47.66]To Sleep,Perchance to Dream
[12:49.79]睡覺,間或有夢(mèng)
[12:51.92]So you awoke this morning in a miserable mood.
[12:54.30] 這樣,今天早上你本來心情很糟.
[12:56.67]Well,maybe your special dream character didn't put in an appearance last night,
[12:59.70]唔,也許你的特別的夢(mèng)中人昨夜未曾入夢(mèng)來,
[13:02.73]or maybe there just weren't enough people drifting through your dreams
[13:05.11]或者也許只是沒有足夠的人進(jìn)入你的夢(mèng)境.
[13:07.49]If that sounds like far-fetched fantasy
[13:09.47] 如果那聽起來像靠不住的空想,
[13:11.46]consider these interesting findings that have emerged
[13:16.11]from eight years of sleep and dream research
[13:20.68]at the Veterans Adminis Administration Hospital
[13:24.62]in Cincinnati,Ohio:
[13:26.36]想一想在俄亥俄州辛辛那提的退伍軍人管理醫(yī)院進(jìn)行的對(duì)睡眠和做夢(mèng)的8年研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)的有趣結(jié)果吧.
[13:28.10]While sleep affects how sleepy,friendly,
[13:32.77]aggressive,and unhappy we feel after awakening,
[13:35.50] 雖然睡眠影響我們醒來后是否困倦,友好,好勝,不開心,
[13:38.23]feelings of happiness or unhappiness depend most strongly on our dreams
[13:41.46]感覺開心與否主要在于我們的夢(mèng).
[13:44.69]Each of us has a special dream character,
[13:46.72] 我們每個(gè)人都有一個(gè)特別的夢(mèng)中人,
[13:48.76]a type of person whose appearance in our dreams
[13:53.31]makes us feel happier when we awake.
[13:55.28]一個(gè)在我們的夢(mèng)中出現(xiàn),醒來時(shí)使我們感覺更開心的人.
[13:57.25]What we dream at night isn't as important to how we feel in the morning
[14:03.60]as the number of people who appear in our dreams
[14:08.14]The more people,the better we feel.
[14:12.40]Our sleep influences our mood.Our mood,in turnaffects our performance.
[14:16.12] 在夜里我們的情緒,我們的情緒進(jìn)而影響我們的行為,
[14:19.85]And throughout the day,our levels of mood and performance remain closely linked.
[14:23.28]一整天,我們情緒高昂亦或低落和行為總是密切相關(guān).
[14:26.72]During the past two decades,research has greatly expanded our knowledge
[14:32.96]about sleep and dreams.
[14:34.64] 在過去20年里,研究大大地?cái)U(kuò)展了我們對(duì)睡眠和夢(mèng)的知識(shí).
[14:36.33]Scientists have identified various stages of sleep,
[14:38.69]科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)可以識(shí)別不同的睡眠階段,
[14:41.06]and they have found that humans can function well on very little sleep
[14:43.94]而且他們發(fā)現(xiàn),人在睡眠很少的情況下,機(jī)體仍能很好地運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),
[14:46.83]but only if they dream.
[14:48.66]但只是在睡眠時(shí)做了夢(mèng)才如此.
[14:50.49]Yet the true function of sleep and dreaming
[14:54.75]continues to elude precise explanation.
[14:56.88] 而睡眠和做夢(mèng)的真正功能依然得不到準(zhǔn)確的解釋.
[14:59.00]In 1970 Milton Kramer and The Roth,researchers at the VA Hospital
[15:06.76]and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine,respectively,
[15:09.64] 1970年,VA醫(yī)院和辛辛那提大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究者米爾頓.克萊默和托馬斯.羅斯,
[15:12.51]raised this question: Do our moods in the morning
[15:15.24]分別提出了這個(gè)問題:我們?cè)绯康那榫w
[15:17.97]relate in any way to our sleep and dreams the previous night?
[15:20.50]與我們前一天夜里的睡眠和做夢(mèng)有某些關(guān)系嗎?
[15:23.04]Human experience suggests that they do.
[15:25.22] 人們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明它們是有關(guān)系的.
[15:27.40]Certainly we generally feel better after a good night's sleep.
[15:29.97]當(dāng)然,在一夜足睡之后,我們一般會(huì)感覺較好.
[15:32.55]But Drs. Kramer and Roth sought a much more definitive answer.
[15:35.48]但克萊默和羅斯醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)更明確的答案,
[15:38.42]And that answer,though still evolving,is a positive yes.
[15:41.36]雖然這個(gè)答案仍在逐步形成中,但答案卻是肯定的.
[15:44.30]Kramer and Roth began by seeking to determine
[15:46.63] 克萊默和羅斯開始于探求一個(gè)人的情緒
[15:48.95]whether one's mood differs between night and morning,
[15:51.33]在早上的晚上是否不同,
[15:53.70]and whether this is related directly to sleep.
[15:55.78]以及是否和睡眠直接相關(guān).
[15:57.86]They found that there is a difference,and it is definitely related to sleep
[16:00.89]他們發(fā)現(xiàn)確實(shí)是不同的,也確實(shí)與睡眠有關(guān).
[16:03.92]Then they explored the various aspects of mood
[16:06.14]接著,他們研究了情緒的不同方面
[16:08.36]and their relationship to the various stages of sleep and dreaming
[16:11.25]和它們與睡眠的不同階段以及與夢(mèng)的關(guān)系.
[16:14.13]What does a good night's sleep mean to our mood?
[16:16.21] 一晚的好覺對(duì)我們的心情意味著什么呢?
[16:18.29]Generally we are happier,less aggressive,sleepier,
[16:21.56]通常我們會(huì)更開心,更少侵略性,更困倦,
[16:24.84]and a bit surprisingly,less friendly.
[16:27.06]有點(diǎn)令人吃驚是更不友好.
[16:29.28]Being sleepier is easily explained.
[16:31.26]對(duì)于更困倦很容易解釋,
[16:33.23]It simply takes a little time to become fully alert after awakehing.
[16:36.01]醒后完全清醒起來只是需要一點(diǎn)時(shí)間.
[16:38.79]But why should we feel less friendly?
[16:40.67] 但為什么我們會(huì)感覺不太好友呢?
[16:42.55]Here the researchers must speculate a little.
[16:44.73]這里研究者肯定要做一些推測(cè).
[16:46.92]They suggest the answer may be the lack of association
[16:51.96]with other humans during the period of sleep.
[16:54.14]他們認(rèn)為答案可能是睡眠期間缺少與他人的交流.
[16:56.32]Once the two doctors established scientifically
[17:00.68]what common sense and folk wisdom had long taught--namely,
[17:03.56] 兩位醫(yī)生一旦把常識(shí)和民間智間長(zhǎng)期教給人們的東西
[17:06.43]that there is link between sleep and how we feel--
[17:08.91]--即睡眠與我們的感覺之間有聯(lián)系---科學(xué)地確定下來,
[17:11.39]they set out to learn what pans of our mood are related to which specific parts
[17:17.45]of the sleep cycle.
[17:18.98]他們就著手了解我們的情緒的哪些部分與睡眠周期的哪些具體部分有關(guān).
[17:20.51]Normal sleep is broken into five distinct parts
[17:23.15] 正常睡眠可劃分為5個(gè)不同部分
[17:25.79]Stages 1 through 4,plus REM,an acronym for rapid eye movement.
[17:29.72]---階段1到4,加上REM,眼球快速運(yùn)動(dòng)的首字母縮寫詞.
[17:33.65]Much remains unknown about each of the five sleep stages
[17:36.29]關(guān)于睡眠的5個(gè)階段,許多問題還不清楚.
[17:38.93]Most dreaming occurs during REM sleep
[17:41.15]多數(shù)做夢(mèng)發(fā)生于REM期間,
[17:43.37]a period when the eyeballs move rapidly beneath the closed lids.
[17:46.10]即眼球在合攏的眼瞼下快速移動(dòng)期間.
[17:48.83]And whether they remember or not,
[17:50.60]不管他們是否記得,
[17:52.38]all adults dreamus ually four to six times a night.
[17:55.11]所有成年人通常一晚上做4到6次夢(mèng).
[17:57.84]Three types of mood are strongly related to some specific stage of sleep
[18:00.92] 三種類型的情緒與睡眠的具體階段緊密相關(guān).
[18:04.00]Our friendly,aggressive,and sleepy feelings all relate to Stage 2 sleep
[18:07.33]我們的友好,侵略性,困倦的感覺都與睡眠的第二階段有關(guān),
[18:10.66]which accounts for most of our total sleep hours.
[18:12.95]它占據(jù)了我們總睡覺時(shí)間的大部分.
[18:15.24]Our friendly and sleepy feelings,but not our aggressive feelings
[18:18.02]我們的友好和困倦的感覺,
[18:20.80]are affected as well by Stages 3 and 4,by how long it takes us to fall asleep.
[18:24.38]也受到階段3和4以及我們?nèi)胨ǖ臅r(shí)間的影響,而侵略性卻沒有受到其影響.
[18:27.96]This means that if you get less sleep than normal
[18:30.09] 這意味著如果你比平時(shí)睡得少些--平時(shí)需要多少睡眠,
[18:32.22]and people vary a great deal in how much sleep they normally require
[18:35.00]人與人之間大不相同
[18:37.78]you awake more friendly,more aggressive,and less sleepy
[18:40.60]那么你醒來就更友好,更有侵略性,更不困倦.
[18:43.42]At this point,the doctors found themselves puzzled.
[18:45.80] 對(duì)這一點(diǎn),醫(yī)生們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己迷惑了.
[18:48.18]They knew from their earlier work that sleep determines if people feel happier.
[18:51.12]他們從以前的研究了解到,睡眠決定著人們是否更開心.
[18:54.05]Yet when they studied the various sleep Stages,
[18:56.08]然而,當(dāng)他們研究不同睡眠階段時(shí),
[18:58.10]they found no correlation between sleep physiology and the unhappy mood
[19:01.84]他們發(fā)現(xiàn)睡眠生理和不開心的情緒之間無關(guān).
[19:05.57]Clearly sleep made a difference,
[19:07.49]很清楚,睡眠會(huì)造成不同,
[19:09.41]but that difference didn't relate to how much time one spent
[19:14.38]in each of the various sleep stages.
[19:16.30]但那種不同與人在不同睡眠階段所花的時(shí)間無關(guān).
[19:18.22]The two researchers decided the key to whether we feel happy
[19:20.79] 這兩位研究者確定我們?cè)谒吆蟾械介_心
[19:23.36]or unhappy after sleep must lie in sleep's psychological componentour dreams.
[19:27.24]還是不開心,肯定在于睡眠的心理成分--我們做的夢(mèng).
[19:31.12]So they began studying dream content what dreamers dreamed
[19:33.94]所以他們開始研究夢(mèng)的內(nèi)容--做夢(mèng)者夢(mèng)到了什么,
[19:36.76]and who appeared in their dreams to see how this affected mood.
[19:39.44]誰出現(xiàn)在夢(mèng)中---來看一看是如何影響情緒的.
[19:42.12]Instead of sleeping through the night
[19:43.86]代替一睡整修晚上的是,
[19:45.59]volunteers now were awakened four times while in REM sleep.
[19:48.32]現(xiàn)在志愿者在REM睡眠中被叫醒4次.
[19:51.05]They were asked about such things
[19:52.82]他們被問及這樣一些問題:
[19:54.58]as what their dreams were about the sex,age,identity,
[19:57.75]他們的夢(mèng)是關(guān)于什么的,夢(mèng)中人的性別,年齡,身份
[20:00.93]and number of the people in their dreams
[20:02.85]和數(shù)量,
[20:04.77]and what each person in a dream was doing.
[20:06.84]每個(gè)夢(mèng)中人在做什么.
[20:08.92]Interestingly,Kramer and Roth found that being awakened four times a night
[20:12.41] 有趣地是,克萊默和羅斯發(fā)現(xiàn)一晚被叫醒4次,
[20:15.90]didn't make a difference in-the volunteers' morning mood patterns.
[20:18.68]并沒有使志愿者早晨的情緒狀態(tài)有所不同.
[20:21.46]But they did find that who appears in a dreamh
[20:25.90]as a far greater influence on mood than what occurs in the dream
[20:28.63]但他們發(fā)現(xiàn)誰出現(xiàn)在夢(mèng)中的比夢(mèng)里發(fā)生什么事對(duì)情緒具有大得多的影響.
[20:31.36]"Who affects all the moods,"Kramer says,"but primarily the unhappy mood
[20:34.64]"誰影響了所有的情緒?"克萊默說,"首先是不開心的情緒."
[20:37.92]Each of us,it turns out,has a special dream character
[20:40.65] 其結(jié)果證明我們每個(gè)人都有一個(gè)特殊的夢(mèng)中人,
[20:43.38]and if this type of character appears in our dreams,
[20:45.66]如果這種人出現(xiàn)在我們夢(mèng)里,
[20:47.95]we are happier when we awake.
[20:49.71]我們醒來時(shí)就更開心.
[20:51.47]"For people in general,how unhappy you feel after sleep
[20:53.99]"對(duì)普通人,睡醒后你感覺多么不開心,
[20:56.52]depends on who is in the dream," Kramer says.
[20:58.79]要看夢(mèng)中人是誰."克萊默說:
[21:01.06]"Who it is that makes you happier is different for you than for me."
[21:04.00]"誰令你更開心對(duì)我來說和對(duì)你來說是不同的."
[21:06.94]For some it may be an older woman,for example;for others,a young man
[21:10.57]對(duì)一些人來說可能是一個(gè)年長(zhǎng)的婦女;對(duì)其他人,則是一個(gè)年青女子.
[21:14.20]Who appears in your dream isn't the only important thing.
[21:16.68] 誰出現(xiàn)在你夢(mèng)中并非是惟一重要的.
[21:19.16]The more people who appear in your dreams the happier you are on awakening
[21:22.14]出現(xiàn)在你夢(mèng)中的人越多,醒時(shí)你就截止開心,
[21:25.12]It's a case of the more the merrier.
[21:27.00]情況是人愈多愈高興.
[21:28.88]"The bad thing in a dream is to be alone;you feel worse,"Kramer explains
[21:32.00]"夢(mèng)中糟糕的事情是孤獨(dú)一人,你感覺就更差勁."克萊默解釋說,
[21:35.12]"You can relate this to wakening psychology
[21:37.31]"你可以把這一點(diǎn)與人睡醒時(shí)的心理聯(lián)系起來,
[21:39.49]where being alone leads to more unhappiness.
[21:41.67]在剛睡醒狀態(tài)下形單影只會(huì)導(dǎo)致我更多的不快.
[21:43.85]There is something about interacting with people that produces happiness
[21:46.67]這其中有與人交際才能產(chǎn)生快樂的道理."
[21:49.49]A number of researchers have examined the relationship of mood and performance
[21:52.63] 一些研究者研究了情緒和行為的關(guān)系,
[21:55.76]The doctors also checked into this relationship
[21:57.94]兩們醫(yī)生也檢驗(yàn)了這種關(guān)系,
[22:00.12]and they have found some interesting correlations.
[22:02.15]他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些有趣的關(guān)聯(lián).
[22:04.17]"We found that the more friendly,more aggressivemore clear- thinking,
[22:07.29] "我們發(fā)現(xiàn)令人吃驚的是,你越友好,越有進(jìn)取心,思路越清晰,
[22:10.42]less sleepy,and surprisingly,the more unhappy you are,the better you perform.
[22:13.94]越不困倦,你就截止不開心,你的行為就越好.
[22:17.47]That last one--the unhappy--I can't explain,"Kramer says.
[22:20.64]最后一點(diǎn)---不開心---我無法解釋."克萊默說.
[22:23.82]Moreover,the level of a person's moods
[22:28.49]and the level of his or her performance rise and fall
[22:33.35]together throughout the day.
[22:35.02]此外,一個(gè)人的情緒好壞和他或她的行為好壞整天都會(huì)一起變好和變壞.
[22:36.70]Initially the two VA researchers worked only with men
[22:39.58] 最初這兩個(gè)VA研究者只研究男人,
[22:42.47]because the dreams of men are far easier to study.
[22:44.74]因?yàn)槟腥说膲?mèng)研究起來簡(jiǎn)單得多.
[22:47.01]Men and women dream differently.
[22:48.79]男人和女人做夢(mèng)不同.
[22:50.57]Indeed,sex is the biggest factor in accounting for aifferences in the people,
[22:53.65]的確,在對(duì)出現(xiàn)在夢(mèng)中的人,活動(dòng),地點(diǎn)和感情的解釋中,
[22:56.73]activities,locations and feelings that occur in dreams
[22:59.71]性別是最大的因素.
[23:02.69]Dr.Kramer says,"When you compare men and women
[23:07.83]you get a greater difference and dream content than when you compare
[23:10.50]克萊默醫(yī)生說:"當(dāng)你比較男人和女人夢(mèng)的內(nèi)容時(shí),
[23:13.16]say,20-and 60-year-olds,or black and white
[23:16.00]比起比較譬如20歲和60歲的人.黑人,和白人,
[23:18.83]Last year the VA researchers began studying the relationship of sleepdreams,
[23:25.96]and mood in women.
[23:27.54] 去年,這兩個(gè)VA研究者開始研究女人的睡眠,做夢(mèng)和情緒的關(guān)系.
[23:29.12]This work is continuing,
[23:30.79]這個(gè)工作正繼續(xù)進(jìn)行,
[23:32.47]but the initial findings reinforce what they had found in men.
[23:35.11]但最初的發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了他們對(duì)男人的發(fā)現(xiàn).
[23:37.74]"Overall,the women are just like men,"Kramer says.
[23:40.62] "總的說來,女人正如男人一樣."克萊默說.