國家地理:伊朗的波斯游牧民為什么逐漸消失(4)

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The hard work, the lack of rights, and the knowledge that other Iranian women have easier lives have made many nomadic women agents of change. Mahnaz Gheybpour, 41, moved out of tents a decade ago. She and her husband migrate between two modest houses, one in the oil-rich province of Khuzestan, for winter, the other a place near Chelgard for the summer. "I won't let my daughters marry a nomad," she said. "Our lifestyle is horrible. I want them to live in a city and study."

艱苦的工作、缺乏權(quán)利以及了解到其他伊朗婦女很容易生活，都使得許多游牧婦女成為變革的推動者。41歲的瑪赫納茲·蓋布爾10年前就搬出了帳篷，她和丈夫有兩處簡單的房子，一處在石油豐富的省份胡齊斯坦省過冬，另一處是在Chelgard附近的地方過夏天。她說：“我不讓我的女兒嫁個游牧民，我們的生活方式太可怕，我讓她們住在城里并讀書。”

Gheybpour got married when she was 16. "I was a child," she said. "My 17-year-old daughter doesn't want to marry. She tells me, 'Why should I make my life miserable, like yours?' "

蓋布爾結(jié)婚的時候只有16歲，她說：“我還是個孩子。我17歲的女兒不想結(jié)婚，她告訴我說，‘為什么我要讓我的生活像你一樣悲慘？’”

The gender issues are exacerbated by a 15-year-long drought that has dried up many of the main rivers and lakes and made it difficult for nomads to find water for their flocks. Increasing development has created fences, roads, and dams that now block passage.

性別問題因長達15年的干旱而加劇，許多主要河流和湖泊干涸，使得游牧民為他們的牲畜找水非常困難。日益增加的開發(fā)建設(shè)修起了圍欄、公路和大壩，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)阻斷了通道。