國家地理:旅游業(yè)發(fā)展威脅吳哥窟未來

Cambodia’s ancient temples at Angkor Wat are under threat from the large numbers of tourists who are now visiting the site. There are fears that ongoing damage to the temples’ soft stone may mean they could eventually be destroyed.
The temples at Angkor Wat are considered among the best surviving examples of ancient religious architecture in the world. The temples were built about a thousand years ago. And relief work on the walls tells of the many threats the ancient empire survived throughout the centuries. But today a new threat to the temples comes from mass tourism. Thousands of tourists now visit the area every day.
Local restaurant owner M. believes that too many people walking on the stones are damaging the temples. “Mass tourism destroys any monuments and especially Khmer monuments for a very simple reason - the sandstone on which I sit with my nail. So imagine millions of people walking on them. ”
Professor Jacque G. has been excavating in and around the ancient city for five years. He says vehicle pollution affects the stone as well. “Everybody goes at the same time to see the Bayon, everybody goes at the same time to see the Bakeng, everybody enters the city of Angkor Thom at the same spot.”
Professor G. recently drew up plans for new type of tourism at Angkor Wat, but says that so far his recommendations have been ignored. “You can extend new type of tourism with the forest - a kind of ecological and archaeological tourism. New itineraries with new ways of transportation, with elephants, with bicycles - make some excavations at some points, explain to people where they are in the city. ”
The authorities say they are working hard to protect the temples. Some stairways have now been boarded over and other areas are closed to tourists. But R. says that more must be done.
“We need to learn from the advice-how to increase the techniques, how to put more ways, how to protect longer time, how to get people to understand especially awareness to the tourists. When they come they have to understand how to protect together.”
With tourist numbers at Angkor Wat growing every year, most agree more needs to be done if the temples are to be protected for future generations.
由于游客眾多，位于柬埔寨吳哥窟的古廟備受威脅。相關(guān)方面擔(dān)憂，廟宇柔軟的石頭持續(xù)受到損壞，可能導(dǎo)致古廟最終完全毀壞。
吳哥窟古廟被認(rèn)為是世界上目前保存最好的宗教類建筑。這些古廟建于大約1000年前，墻壁上的信仰故事講述了幾個世紀(jì)以來的古代國王，這些墻壁在諸多威脅中留存下來。但是，現(xiàn)在這些廟宇面臨著來自游客的新的威脅?，F(xiàn)在，每天有數(shù)千名游客來此觀光。
當(dāng)?shù)匾粋€餐館老板M.說，每天太多人來來往往，踩在那些石頭上，這樣損壞了那些古廟。“眾多游客可以毀壞任何紀(jì)念碑，尤其是谷美爾人的紀(jì)念碑，原因很簡單——我腳下踩的這些砂巖。所以，可以想象一下數(shù)百萬人在上面踐踏。”
Jacque G.教授5年來一直在挖掘研究這座古城。他說，機動車污染也對這些石頭造成影響。“大家都在同一時間去看Bayon，同一時間去看Bakeng，大家都來到吳哥窟的同一個地方。”
Jacque G.教授最近起草了一份吳哥窟新的旅游模式計劃書，但是他說，他的建議一直沒有得到政府重視。“可以利用森林來發(fā)展新的旅游項目——一種生態(tài)學(xué)的，考古學(xué)的旅游。新的旅程可以有新的交通方式，比如大象，自行車——在一些地放可以進(jìn)行發(fā)掘，可以向游客介紹他們在城市中的哪個方位。”
當(dāng)局表示，他們盡心竭力來保護(hù)這些廟宇。他們已經(jīng)在經(jīng)典鋪設(shè)了一些樓梯，其他一些經(jīng)典已經(jīng)不對游客開放。但是R.說仍然還有很多工作要做。
“我們應(yīng)該聽取建議——怎樣增加技術(shù)性，怎樣投入更多的方式，怎樣更長久的保護(hù)，怎樣引起人們尤其是游客的理解。他們來到這里，必須理解怎樣共同保護(hù)這些遺產(chǎn)。”
隨著吳哥窟的游客數(shù)量逐年增加，大多數(shù)人同意，為了后人，必須采取更多措施來保護(hù)這些廟宇。