VOA慢速英語：川普宣布全國緊急狀態(tài)調用資金修墻

Trump Declares National Emergency to Build the Wall

川普宣布全國緊急狀態(tài)調用資金修墻

American President Donald Trump on Friday declared a national emergency so that he can get the money needed to build a wall along the nation's border with Mexico.

美國總統(tǒng)川普周五宣布全國緊急狀態(tài)，以便他能夠獲得沿墨西哥邊境修建隔離墻所需的資金。

The move is seen as a way to go around Congress. It is sure to face opposition from legislators.

此舉被視為繞過國會的一種辦法，它肯定會遭到議員們的反對。

Speaking from the White House, Trump said he is declaring the national emergency because of, in his words, "an invasion of our country with drugs, with human traffickers, with all types of criminals and gangs."

川普在白宮發(fā)表講話時表示，他將會宣布全國緊急狀態(tài)，用他的話來說，是因為“毒品、人販子以及各種犯罪分子和黑幫入侵美國。”

Trump added that he is planning to use money from the military and other parts of the government to pay for the building of the wall.

川普還說，他計劃利用軍方和政府其它部門的資金來支付修建隔離墻的費用。

As a presidential candidate, Trump often said that Mexico would pay for such a wall.

作為總統(tǒng)候選人，川普常說墨西哥會為這樣一堵墻買單。

Acting White House Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney said the president "will have access to roughly $8 billion worth of money that can be used to secure the southern border."

白宮代理辦公廳主任馬爾瓦尼表示，川普總統(tǒng)“將能獲得大約80億美元資金用于保護南部邊境。”

Trump had demanded $5.7 billion for the wall. But Congress, which is powered with making spending decisions, only provided $1.4 billion for barriers.

川普曾要求獲得57億美元修建這道墻，但是負責做出開支決策的國會只為這道邊境屏障提供了14億美元。

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer quickly denounced the move as an "unlawful declaration over a crisis that does not exist."

眾議院議長佩洛西和參議院民主黨領袖舒默很快譴責了川普的這一舉動，稱這是對“對一場不存在的危機非法宣布緊急狀態(tài)。”

The two leaders released a joint statement while Trump was still giving his speech. They said, "The President's actions clearly violate the Congress's exclusive power of the purse, which our Founders enshrined in the Constitution. The Congress will defend our constitutional authorities in the Congress, in the Courts, and in the public, using every remedy available."

這兩位領導人發(fā)表了一份聯(lián)合聲明，當時川普還在發(fā)表演講。他們表示：“總統(tǒng)的行為顯然違反了國會對財源的專有權，這是我們的建國者寫入憲法中的。國會將會采用各種措施，在國會、在法院、在公眾場合捍衛(wèi)我們的憲法權力。”

Trump admitted that his declaration of a national emergency will face opposition in the courts. He said, "Sadly, we'll be sued and sadly it will go through a process and happily we'll win."

川普承認他這次宣布全國緊急狀態(tài)會在法庭上遭到反對。他說，“可悲的是，我們會被起訴，并且需要經(jīng)歷一個過程，但是高興的是，我們會勝訴。”

National Emergency Act

全國緊急狀態(tài)法案

The president defended his decision, saying other presidents have declared national emergencies in the past.

川普總統(tǒng)為自己的決定辯護，稱其他總統(tǒng)過去都宣布過全國緊急狀態(tài)。

In 1976, Congress passed the National Emergency Act, which gave presidents special powers during a crisis. Congress can end a state of emergency with a joint resolution and the president's signature. If the president vetoes the resolution, Congress would need two-thirds of lawmakers to vote to end the declaration.

1976年，國會通過了《全國緊急狀態(tài)法案》，賦予總統(tǒng)在危機期間的特殊權力。國會可以通過聯(lián)合決議以及總統(tǒng)簽字來結束緊急狀態(tài)。如果總統(tǒng)否決該決議，國會將需要2/3的議員投票支持來結束緊急狀態(tài)。

American presidents have declared national emergencies 59 times since 1976.

美國總統(tǒng)自1976年以來已經(jīng)宣布了59次全國緊急狀態(tài)。

President Jimmy Carter made the declaration as Iran took American hostages in 1979. Ronald Reagan used the power to ban trade with Nicaragua in 1985.

1979年伊朗劫持美國人質時，卡特總統(tǒng)宣布了全國緊急狀態(tài)。里根總統(tǒng)在1985年動用這種權力禁止與尼加拉瓜貿易。

In 1990, President George H.W. Bush blocked financial dealings with Iraq. In 1996, Bill Clinton used the power after two airplanes were shot down near Cuba. George W. Bush declared a national emergency after the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11, 2001.

1990年，老布什阻止了同伊拉克的金融協(xié)議。1996年，克林頓在兩架飛機在古巴附近被擊落后動用了這種權力。2001年9月11日發(fā)生恐怖襲擊事件后，小布什宣布了全國緊急狀態(tài)。

And President Barack Obama used the special power in 2011 to freeze the assets of Libyan leader Muammar Qadhafi.

奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在2011年動用了這種特殊權力凍結了利比亞領導人卡扎菲的資產(chǎn)。

Trump has declared national emergencies three other times: in December 2017 against Myanmar generals for their part in the Rohingya refugee crisis; in September 2018 against persons related to Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election; and in November 2018 after the Nicaraguan government acted against protesters.

川普已經(jīng)三次宣布全國緊急狀態(tài)：2017年12月針對卷入羅興亞難民危機的緬甸將軍;2018年9月針對卷入俄羅斯干涉2016年美國總統(tǒng)大選的相關人士;以及2018年11月在尼加拉瓜政府對抗議者采取行動之后。

But until Friday, no American president in history had used the power to get additional money to pay for projects without the support of Congress.

但是直到這個周五，歷史上還沒有美國總統(tǒng)動用這一權力來獲得額外資金，用于支付國會不支持的項目。

I'm Caty Weaver.

凱蒂·韋弗報道。