VOA慢速英語(yǔ)：移民擇優(yōu)！特朗普歡迎技術(shù)移民

Trump Wants to Admit Immigrants Based on Job Skills

移民擇優(yōu)!特朗普歡迎技術(shù)移民

President Donald Trump wants to change United States immigration policy by tying admission to job skills.

川普總統(tǒng)希望修改美國(guó)移民政策，將接納移民同工作技能捆綁起來(lái)。

In his recent speech to Congress, Trump said changing the way America decides who can immigrate can help the economy.

川普最近在對(duì)國(guó)會(huì)演講中表示，修改美國(guó)的移民遴選方式會(huì)有助于經(jīng)濟(jì)。

"It's a basic principle that those seeking to enter a country ought to be able to support themselves financially. Yet, in America, we do not enforce this rule, straining the very public resources that our poorest citizens rely upon."

川普說(shuō)：“尋求移民他國(guó)者理應(yīng)能夠經(jīng)濟(jì)自立，這是基本原則。然而在美國(guó)，我們沒(méi)有執(zhí)行這條原則，濫用了貧民賴(lài)以生存的公共資源。”

Trump said such a system is used successfully in Canada and Australia. Basing immigration on job skills is sometimes called a "merit-based" system. Under the current system, immigrants are taking jobs away from Americans by agreeing to work for lower pay, he said.

川普表示，這類(lèi)制度在加拿大和澳大利亞得到了成功應(yīng)用。基于工作技能移民有時(shí)候被稱(chēng)之為“選優(yōu)”機(jī)制。根據(jù)目前的制度，移民通過(guò)低薪搶走了美國(guó)人的就業(yè)崗位。

It would be a major change in U.S. policy, which now gives a preference to spouses, children and parents of American citizens. In 2014, family-based immigrants made up 64 percent of all new legal permanent residents in the United States, reports the Migration Policy Institute.

這將是美國(guó)政策的一項(xiàng)重大變化，目前的制度對(duì)美國(guó)公民的配偶、幼兒以及父母優(yōu)先。移民政策研究所報(bào)告稱(chēng)，2014年，美國(guó)所有新接納的合法永久居民中，家庭移民占到了64%。

Marie Price, an immigration expert at George Washington University, said if the U.S. moves to a merit-based immigration system, it needs to do so carefully.

喬治華盛頓大學(xué)的移民專(zhuān)家瑪麗·普萊斯(Marie Price)表示，如果美國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)向“選優(yōu)”移民制度，就得謹(jǐn)慎行事。

She noted that in Canada admission is based largely on a point system giving higher scores to people with special skills and advanced degrees. But she said many of those admitted ended up driving taxis or delivering food because they could not find jobs to meet their education skills. In some cases, professional licenses from other countries were not accepted in Canada.

她指出，加拿大接納移民主要是基于給具有特殊技能和高學(xué)位者打高分的積分制度。但她表示，許多被接納的移民最終以開(kāi)出租車(chē)和送快餐為業(yè)，因?yàn)樗麄冋也坏椒掀浣逃寄艿墓ぷ鳌Ｔ谀承┣闆r下，其它國(guó)家發(fā)出的專(zhuān)業(yè)證書(shū)也不被加拿大所認(rèn)可。

Since then, the point system has been changed so that people who can show they have job offers in Canada are given preference, said Sharyn Aiken of Queens University Law School in Canada. In addition, Canada looks at who can fill a range of jobs for which there are shortages of workers – such as child care, not just those requiring advanced college degrees, Aiken said.

加拿大皇后大學(xué)法學(xué)院的莎琳·艾肯(Sharyn Aiken)表示，自那時(shí)起，積分制度已經(jīng)做出修改，能夠提供加拿大聘任書(shū)的人士獲得了優(yōu)待。此外，加拿大還考察誰(shuí)能填補(bǔ)一些人員短缺的工作崗位，例如兒童保育，而不僅僅是那些需要大學(xué)高等學(xué)位的崗位。

A new U.S. immigration bill

美國(guó)新移民法案

Senator Tom Cotton is a Republican from Arkansas. He has proposed a bill that would move the United States to the merit-based system proposed by Trump. His proposal would also reduce legal immigration by half -- from about one million a year to about 500,000.

參議員湯姆·科頓(Tom Cotton)是來(lái)自阿肯色州的共和黨人。他提出了一項(xiàng)將會(huì)把美國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)向川普提出的“選優(yōu)”機(jī)制的法案。他的提案還會(huì)讓合法移民減半，從每年100萬(wàn)人減少為50萬(wàn)人左右。

Under Cotton's bill, people with legal status in the U.S. could continue to get a preference for their children and spouses. But their parents will not get a preference.

根據(jù)科頓的提案，在美國(guó)具有合法地位的人士可以繼續(xù)獲得孩子和配偶移民美國(guó)的優(yōu)待，但是他們的父母不能得到優(yōu)待。

Cotton said many Americans believe the current immigration system helps businesses and not people. "These Americans see cheap immigrant labor as a way to enrich the wealthy while creating a near permanent underclass for whom the American dream is always just out of reach," he said.

科頓表示，許多美國(guó)人認(rèn)為目前的移民機(jī)制對(duì)企業(yè)有幫助，而對(duì)人們沒(méi)有幫助。他說(shuō)，“這些美國(guó)人把廉價(jià)的移民勞動(dòng)力視為使富人更富的途徑，同時(shí)為那些永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)美國(guó)夢(mèng)的人士創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)幾乎永久性的貧困階層。”

William Stock is president of the American Immigration Lawyers Association.

威廉·斯多克(William Stock)是美國(guó)移民律師協(xié)會(huì)的主席。

He disputes Cotton's argument that the U.S. is allowing too many immigrants into the United States. Stock said the U.S. admits about one million legal immigrants a year, a lower percentage of America's population than at any time in history.

他駁斥了科頓關(guān)于美國(guó)允許太多移民進(jìn)入美國(guó)的論點(diǎn)。斯多克表示，美國(guó)每年接納了大約100萬(wàn)合法移民，這在美國(guó)人口中所占的百分比要低于歷史上任何時(shí)候。

Stock also said it would be unfair to change to a merit based system for new immigrants without allowing those who have already applied for family members. He said some have been waiting 15 years or longer for a decision on their relatives.

斯多克還表示，改用“選優(yōu)”機(jī)制接納新移民，而不考慮那些已經(jīng)為家人申請(qǐng)移民的人士，這是不公平的。他說(shuō)，有些人已經(jīng)為親屬移民的裁決等了15年甚至更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

Stock added people calling for a merit-based immigration system should know that a promise of better wages in America will be not enough to get people to fill job openings in America. Many people will not want to move to the United States without their families -- making continuation of a family preference system important, he said.

斯多克補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，呼吁采用“選優(yōu)”移民機(jī)制的人士應(yīng)該知道，美國(guó)薪酬更好的承諾不足以讓人們填補(bǔ)美國(guó)空缺的工作機(jī)會(huì)。他說(shuō)，很多人不愿意拋棄家人移民到美國(guó)，這使得維持家庭優(yōu)先制度非常重要。

Trump has also followed through with his campaign promises of extreme vetting for immigrants and of building a wall along the U.S. southern border with Mexico.

川普還堅(jiān)持了他的競(jìng)選承諾，對(duì)移民進(jìn)行極端審查，以及在美國(guó)同墨西哥邊境修建一道隔離墻。