CNN News :奧巴馬憑借行政命令控制槍擊暴力問題

[00:01.01]This is U.S vice president Joe Biden, his task force has come up with a list of recommendations on addressing gun violence in the U.S. 這是副總統(tǒng)喬·拜登,他的工作小組針對(duì)美國(guó)的槍支暴力問題已經(jīng)提出了一份建議清單。 [00:08.53]He's given that list to president Obama, we should know sometime today what his next step will be. 他即將交給奧巴馬總統(tǒng),我們應(yīng)該知道今天某個(gè)時(shí)候總統(tǒng)將會(huì)采取下一步措施。 [00:14.29]There are couple of different parts the president could take, one would be encouraging Congress to change laws like banning assault weapons or requiring background checks on buyers at gun shows. 總統(tǒng)所能接受的是幾個(gè)不同部分,一條是鼓勵(lì)國(guó)會(huì)修改比如禁止攻擊性武器或要求在槍支展覽對(duì)于買家的背景檢查等法律。 [00:25.27]But not anyone in Congress would support that,and the National Rifle Association is working to prevent any new restrictions on gun. 但是在國(guó)會(huì)沒有任何人將會(huì)支持,而全國(guó)步槍協(xié)會(huì)正在努力阻止任何關(guān)于槍支的限制。 [00:32.32]There are something else the president could do though, given executive order. 鑒于行政命令，總統(tǒng)也能做些事情。 [00:37.59]U.S president have been giving out executive orders since 1789. 美國(guó)總統(tǒng)自1789年以來已經(jīng)頒布行政命令。 [00:40.34]Why? Because they can. 為什么?因?yàn)樗麄兛梢浴? [00:43.46]And executive order is a law made instantly with the president's signature. 行政命令是總統(tǒng)簽名后隨即生效的法律。 [00:48.38]The advantage for a president is that it doen't have to through Congress, the disadvantage, say critics is that it doesn't have to go through Congress. 對(duì)總統(tǒng)而言其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是不需要通過國(guó)會(huì),而缺點(diǎn),批評(píng)人士表示也是不需要經(jīng)過國(guó)會(huì)。 [00:56.36]And some critics say use of the executive order may violate the Constitutional separation of powers. 而一些批評(píng)人士表示使用行政命令可能違反憲法分權(quán)。 [01:02.46]In fact, the term executive order isn't in the Constitution. 事實(shí)上,行政命令這一術(shù)語并不在憲法當(dāng)中。 [01:06.15]What is in article two, section three is that the president shall take care of that the laws be faithfully executed. 第二條第三節(jié)中表述的是總統(tǒng)應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)心被忠實(shí)地執(zhí)行的法律。 [01:13.17]So if a president feels that Congress isn't faithfully executing the laws he wants, he can issue an executive order. 所以如果一位總統(tǒng)認(rèn)為國(guó)會(huì)并不是忠實(shí)執(zhí)行他希望法律,他就可以發(fā)布行政命令。 [01:19.35]They do their limits though, executive orders can't use federal money for one thing. 雖然他們有自己的限制,但首先是行政命令不能使用聯(lián)邦資金。 [01:24.08]President couldn't use one that cut taxes or build a bridge for example. 總統(tǒng)不能減稅或建一座橋。 [01:28.33]The orders can't be overturned by a court, and the next president can get rid of a previous order. 命令不能推翻法院,而下一任總統(tǒng)可以擺脫以前的法令。 [01:34.18]Presidents aren't shy about giving new ones though. 總統(tǒng)并不羞于頒布新法令。 [01:37.01]According to the National Archives, two-term president Bill Clinton gave 364 executive orders. 根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家檔案館稱,連任兩屆的總統(tǒng)比爾·克林頓頒布了364條行政命令。 [01:43.34]Two-term president George W.Bush gave 291. 連任兩屆的總統(tǒng)喬治·布什頒布了291條。 [01:47.22]President Obama is on the same pace, having given 144 in his first term. 而奧巴馬總統(tǒng)則處于相同的步伐,在他的第一個(gè)任期中已經(jīng)頒布144條。 [01:52.59]President Roosevelt holds the record, he gave over 3700 executive orders, though he did have longer than everyone else in the White House. 而羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)保持了一項(xiàng)記錄,盡管他在白宮的時(shí)間確實(shí)比其他人長(zhǎng)，他已經(jīng)頒布了超過3700條行政命令。 [02:00.48]Bottom line, love him or hate him, we all have to live under them at least for a while. 底線,是愛是恨,我們都不得不伴隨這些法令生活至少一段時(shí)間。 [02:05.49]Why? Well, that's an order. 為什么?嗯,這是一條法令。 [02:09.06]I've said it for seven years, I've said it for longer than seven years, I have never doped. 我已經(jīng)說了七年,我說的也已經(jīng)超過七年,我從來沒有服用禁藥。 [02:14.09]I can say it again, but I've said it for seven years, it doesn't help. 我可以再說一遍,但我已經(jīng)說了七年,沒有任何幫助。 [02:16.56]Why would I then enter into a sport and dope myself up and risk my life again, that's crazy, I would never do that. 為什么我參加運(yùn)動(dòng)以來會(huì)服用禁藥并再次冒著我的生命風(fēng)險(xiǎn),這太瘋狂了,我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)這樣做。 [02:22.48]That's no, no way. 那不可能，沒門。 [02:25.20]That was Lance Armstrong in 2005, he spend more than a decade saying things like that, denying that he cheated during his cycling career. 這是蘭斯·阿姆斯特朗在2005年所發(fā)表的言論,他花了十多年說這些話,否認(rèn)在他的自行車運(yùn)動(dòng)生涯中的欺騙。

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