英語專業(yè)八級Mini Lecture 10

[00:00.00]Test Ten [00:24.35]SECTION A MINI-LECTURE [00:26.54]In this section, you will hear a mini-lecture. [00:29.82]You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. [00:32.45]While listening, take notes on the important points. [00:35.94]Your notes will not be marked, [00:38.13]but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. [00:42.07]When the lecture is over, you’ll be given two minutes to check your notes, [00:46.78]and another 10 minutes to complete the gap-filling task. [00:49.84]Now listen to the mini-lecture. [00:52.13]Introductory Lecture to University Study [00:56.19]Good morning and welcome to the University of Westlands. [01:00.12]My name is Marcia Mayhew [01:02.41]and I’m the co-ordinator of the Bachelor of Social Science degree here at this university. [01:07.34]This morning I’d like to tell you something about the structure of the university [01:11.49]and about some of the requirements of the degree that you’re about to enter. [01:15.77]The Bachelor of Social Science is in one faculty within the university: [01:20.36]that is the faculty where I am working, known as Arts and Social Sciences. [01:25.28]Here on this campus we also have the faculties of Architecture, Law, [01:30.42]and Science and Technology among others. [01:33.92]First let’s take a brief look at the structure of the faculty. [01:37.42]It’s important to know something about the structure of the faculty because, [01:41.35]as you go through your course, you may need to call on members of the staff to help you. [01:45.95]Our university works as a hierarchical system. [01:49.67]At the top of the faculty we have a dean and below the dean we have three divisions; [01:55.47]each division has a divisional head and your degree is located in the Division of Social Sciences. [02:02.20]Within each of the divisions, [02:05.26]there are the departments and each of these offers different degrees. [02:09.30]For instance, two of the departments which offer the major subjects for your award [02:14.45]are the Department of Sociology and the Department of Psychology. [02:18.93]Each has a departmental head, but for practical purposes, [02:24.05]the people you are going to see the most of is myself, [02:27.88]because I work as coordinator of the social sciences degree [02:31.60]and serve as a bridge between you and the departments. [02:34.34]The other group of people whom you will also see very frequently are the actual lecturers [02:40.46]who are teaching the subjects that you are taking. [02:42.87]For instance, in the first semester you’ll be doing four subjects, [02:47.46]namely psychology, sociology, history and economics, [02:51.94]so you will be meeting lecturers of these subjects very often. [02:55.55]Most likely, you may see them once a week, but some of them, [03:00.04]it is possible for you to meet them twice a week. [03:02.34]If you have any problems or difficulties, [03:05.62]not that I’m anticipating you will, but you never know, [03:09.12]then you should go and see your lecturers. [03:11.52]For instance, you may find that you can’t meet a deadline for an essay, [03:15.68]or perhaps you’re having problems with attendance. [03:18.42]These seem to be the two most common problems that students face on this campus. [03:23.23]In most cases, your lecturers will help you to solve your problems. [03:27.71]If your lecturers are unavailable, you can always come and see me in my office. [03:33.62]I’m available on Wednesday and Thursday mornings and on Friday afternoons as well. [03:38.76]Outside these hours, perhaps you could ring the secretary and make an appointment. [03:43.90]Usually I will find the earliest possible time to see you and discuss your problems. [03:48.76]Now, you’ll note that all of the subjects which you undertake in the first year [03:53.38]are composed of lectures and tutorials. [03:56.33]A lecture is about an hour long and a tutorial usually runs for about two hours. [04:02.02]A lecture is rather like what I am doing now, [04:05.08]where one person will talk to all of you together on a subject. [04:08.69]We do ask you to try to attend the lectures. [04:11.64]A tutorial is perhaps where most of the learning occurs at a university. [04:16.67]You will be divided into groups of between 12 and 15 students [04:21.16]and each week one of you will have to present a piece of work to the group as a whole [04:26.08]and then the group will discuss what you’ve said. [04:28.82]It’s this discussion, this exchange of ideas, [04:32.53]which really constitutes the basis of university learning, in my view. [04:36.80]Listening to lectures in many ways is just giving you information [04:40.74]that you could access for yourself in the library, [04:43.36]but the discussion at the tutorial is very important. [04:46.54]This doesn’t mean that you shouldn’t go to the lectures, though! [04:50.04]Other factors to be particularly concerned about are the structure of essays [04:56.27]and delivery of written material and in particular [04:59.44]I would like to mention the question of plagiarism. [05:02.50]Plagiarism is taking other people’s work without acknowledging it, [05:06.99]that is, without saying where it comes from. [05:09.73]Of course all essays are based on research done by other people [05:13.77]but you must remember to attribute the work to the original writer. [05:17.82]And while it’s a good idea to work with other people, [05:21.10]don’t hand in work which is exactly the same as your friend’s work [05:25.37]because we will notice! If you don’t acknowledge the source of your information, [05:29.50]then you run the risk of failing the subject [05:32.67]or in very serious cases you might be denied entry to the university. [05:37.49]Last but not least, stay in touch with us. [05:41.53]If things are getting you down, don’t go and hide. [05:44.70]Come and talk to us about it. That’s what we are here for. [05:48.09]Right, thank you very much for coming along today, [05:51.59]and hope you’ll enjoy your stay on this campus. [07:53.87]Section B INTERVIEW [07:57.26]In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. [08:01.20]Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. [08:04.81]Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. [08:07.87]At the end of the interview, [08:09.51]you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following 5 questions. [08:14.44]Now listen to the interview. [08:16.51]Theresa (W): How is your market research project going, Frank? [08:20.67]Frank (M): Very well actually, Theresa. [08:23.29]I have just got the results of the survey back [08:26.35]and so now I have got to draw some conclusions from the information I’ ve collected. [08:30.84]W: That’ s good. I’m still writing my questionnaire. [08:34.01]In fact I’m starting to panic as the project deadline is in two weeks [08:38.50]and I don’t seem to be making any progress at all. [08:41.78]M: What is your topic? [08:43.86]W: Forms of transportation in the city. What about you? [08:47.69]M: I’ ve been finding out people’ s attitudes to the amount of violence on television. [08:52.83]W: That’ s interesting. What do your results show? [08:56.11]M: Well, as I said I haven’ t finished writing my conclusions yet, [09:00.15]but it seems most people think there is a problem. [09:02.78]Unfortunately, no real agreement on the action that needs to be taken. [09:08.58]Nearly everyone surveyed said that there was too much violence on TV. [09:13.61]A lot of people complained that American police series [09:17.00]and Chinese Kung Fu films were particularly violent． [09:20.72]The main objection seems to be that although a lot of people get shot，stabbed, decapitated and so on, [09:28.59]the films never show the consequences. [09:31.22]People watching might take the heroes of these programs as real models and copy their behavior. [09:37.89]W: So what did most people suggest should be done? [09:41.17]M: A lot of people are concerned about how these films affect children. [09:45.76]They are particularly worried that children will try to behave like the stars. [09:50.03]The survey shows that violent programs should only be broadcast after 10:00 p．m. [09:56.16]when most children are already in bed. [09:58.67]There is also a significant minority of people [10:01.95]who feel that violent films should be banned altogether. [10:05.12]W: How did people feel about the violence on news broadcasts？ [10:09.06]M: Most of the responses I have looked at have felt [10:12.89]that violence on news broadcasts is more acceptable as it’ s real. [10:16.93]Although it is unpleasant, it is important to keep in touch with reality. [10:21.86]Still, many people thought that it would be better to restrict violent scenes to late evening. [10:27.65]W: Your survey sounds very good. How many people filled it in? [10:32.90]M: I gave out 120 copies and I got 70 back. [10:37.50]W: That’ s a very high rate of return. Who did you give your questionnaires to? [10:42.09]M: I gave a copy to every student in my hall of residence [10:46.36]and a few to friends from other colleges． [10:48.98]W: Don’ t you think that this will influence your results? [10:51.94]M: What do you mean? [10:53.58]W: The people in your hall of residence will all be about the same age. [10:57.41]They are all students，most of them studying similar subjects and from similar backgrounds． [11:02.65]Therefore it is likely that they will have similar opinions． [11:06.48]Your results represent student opinion not public opinion. [11:10.86]M: So how are you going to do your research? [11:14.69]W: I’ m going to interview my respondents in the shopping mall. [11:18.52]What I’ll do is ask people if they have five minutes to spare to answer a few questions. [11:23.88]If they agree I will ask them some multiple-choice questions and tick off their answers on my sheet. [11:30.11]That way I can select people of all ages and attitudes， [11:33.94]so my sample should be reasonably representative. [11:37.44]M: Isn’t it very difficult to ask meaningful questions using multiple choice? [11:43.02]W: Yes, it is. I suppose your survey has the advantage of more detailed information. [11:48.27]However, in most cases people won’ t bother to give answers [11:52.42]that require too much effort on their part. [11:54.83]The secret to writing a successful survey is to write simple multiple-choice questions [12:00.63]that target the information you are looking for. [12:03.58]Therefore, it is better to write a lot of short specific questions than longer general questions. [12:09.60]M: So that’s why it is taking you so long to write. [12:14.19]W: Yeah, but I hope I will be ready to start interview at the weekend. [13:09.37]Section C NEWS BROADCAST [13:12.76]In this section, you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. [13:16.37]Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. [13:20.32]Questions 6 is based on the following news. [13:24.90]At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. [13:30.26]Now listen to the news. [13:32.67]Nearly 75 percent of U.S. doctors believe miracles can occur, a new survey says. [13:40.00]The survey also found that 72 percent of the 1,100 doctors polled [13:45.91]believe that religion provides a reliable and necessary guide to life. [13:51.27]Non-Orthodox Jewish doctors are less likely to believe that [13:55.21]miracle stories in the Bible are literally true, [13:58.27]while more than 53 percent of Orthodox Jewish doctors [14:02.64]and 60 percent of Protestant doctors surveyed believe them. [14:07.34]The survey of doctors from across the religious spectrum, [14:11.50]including Muslim, Hindu and Buddhist doctors, [14:15.44]was conducted by HCD Research and the Louis Finkelstein Institute for Religious [14:22.00]and Social Studies of the Jewish Theological Seminary. [14:35.87]Question 7 is based on the following news. [14:38.93]At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. [14:44.07]Now listen to the news. [14:46.27]In Finland, peace talks between the Indonesian government and Aceh rebels have ended in the capital Helsinki. [14:54.14]They’ve agreed to meet for a third round of negotiations from April 12 to 17. [14:59.82]Former Finnish president Martti Ahtisaari, who presided over the three days of discussions, [15:06.50]said the use of UN peacekeepers had been ruled out, [15:10.77]though regional forces could be used. [15:13.17]He added there would be no plebiscite on any peace agreement. [15:17.22]Ahtisaari called on both sides to refrain from fighting. [15:21.92]He cautioned that there was an enormous amount of work to be done [15:25.53]before a complete agreement can be reached. [15:28.48]On Tuesday, GAM members dropped their demand for total independence for the separatist province, [15:35.38]a move that brought cautious optimism. [15:48.25]Question 8 is based on the following news. [15:50.77]At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. [15:55.58]Now listen to the news. [15:57.77]Italy will start to pull its troops out of Iraq as planned in September [16:03.02]and will not hasten the withdrawal because of fresh terror threats. [16:06.63]Italian Premier Silvio Berlusconi says Italy plans to begin withdrawing some of its troops from Iraq in September. [16:14.07]Berlusconi, who was a strong supporter of President Bush on Iraq, [16:18.98]sent 3,000 troops to the country. [16:21.06]Berlusconi said at the G-8 summit in Gleneagles [16:24.46]that Italy will begin withdrawing 300 men in the month of September. [16:28.39]But, he noted that he would not speed up the withdrawal [16:31.78]because of fresh terrorist attacks after London bombs on Thursday. [16:35.50]Berlusconi added because of its troop deployment in Iraq, [16:39.55]Italy was a prime target for Islamist extremists. [16:53.88]Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. [16:57.39]At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. [17:02.85]Now listen to the news. [17:05.15]As Chinese telecom market steps up the pace of opening to the outside world, [17:11.28]China’s four major operators of basic telecom service have introduced accumulative foreign funds [17:17.95]amounting to US$25.25 billion. [17:22.32]The four telecom operators, namely, China Telecom, China Netcom, China Mobile and China Unicom, [17:30.19]have all been listed overseas, indicating a substantial opening in the capital market. [17:35.66]When Chinese telecom market accelerates opening to foreign investment, [17:40.36]going abroad is a key way for Chinese enterprise to be integrated with world economy, [17:45.61]said an official in charge of the Telecom Administration Department [17:49.33]of the Ministry of Information Industry on a senior forum on development of China’s telecom industry [17:55.57]held in Beijing on July 7.In addition to providing users of roaming service, [18:01.04]transnational operation, international business, [18:04.10]these basic telecom service operators are exploring new area [18:08.58]in cooperation with neighboring countries in telecom operation, [18:12.74]or setting up branches overseas, and teaming up with telecom equipment suppliers [18:18.10]in expanding overseas market. [18:20.29]Statistics show that by the end of May, [18:23.35]China has registered a total of 692 million phone users [18:27.94]including 330 million fixed phone users and 358 million mobile phone users.

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