https://online2.tingclass.net/lesson/shi0529/0008/8546/money14.mp3
https://image.tingclass.net/statics/js/2012
金融世界 第十四講
在這一講中我們要繼續(xù)跟您談?wù)?floating exchange rates 浮動(dòng)匯率和 fixed exchange rates 固定匯率問題。
在上一講中,我們?yōu)槟榻B了澳大利亞從一九八三年開始實(shí)行澳元的浮動(dòng)匯率制。在此之前,澳大利亞同世界上大多數(shù)國(guó)家一樣,曾實(shí)行過各種不同的固定匯率制,包括:
1 Gold Standard 金本位制
2 Bretton Woods system 布雷頓森林貨幣體系
3 crawling peg system 蠕動(dòng)釘住匯率制
那么,實(shí)行浮動(dòng)匯率制有什么好處呢?澳洲廣播電臺(tái)金融節(jié)目主持人巴里克拉克說:
One of the most important benefits of floating exchange rates is that they help to insulate the domestic economy against shocks. For example under fixed exchange rates, if an export market collapses, the adverse impact is transmitted fully to the domestic economy. It may be said that we achieve stability of the exchange rate at the cost of domestic instability.
However, if a similar thing happens under floating exchange rates, the automatic depreciation of the dollar helps to offset the negative domestic effects. In other words, we get relative domestic stability at the cost of exchange rate instability.
Furthemp3ore, our domestic economic policy options are themselves significantly affected by whether exchange rates are fixed or floating.
巴里克拉克在談話中使用了這樣幾個(gè)詞匯:
1 insulate 隔絕
2 adverse impact 不利影響
3 transmit 傳導(dǎo)
4 depreciation 貶值
5 offset 抵銷,補(bǔ)償
下面我們分段聽一遍巴里克拉克的這段講話及中文翻譯:(英文略)
浮動(dòng)匯率最大的好處是它有助于國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)免受(國(guó)際金融市場(chǎng)動(dòng)蕩的)打擊。舉例來說,在固定匯率制度下,如果一個(gè)出口市場(chǎng)崩潰,國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)就會(huì)經(jīng)受全部的打擊。這也許可以說是以國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)蕩為代價(jià)來?yè)Q取匯率的穩(wěn)定。
但是如果在浮動(dòng)匯率制下發(fā)生同樣的情況,貨幣的自動(dòng)貶值會(huì)抵銷對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)的消極影響。換句話說,我們以匯率不穩(wěn)的代價(jià)換取了國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)的相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。
而且匯率是固定的還是浮動(dòng)的,對(duì)我們選擇國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策也有很大影響。
現(xiàn)在我們?cè)侔寻屠锟死说倪@段談話完整聽一遍。(略)
為什么巴里克拉克說選擇固定匯率制還是浮動(dòng)匯率制對(duì)一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的選擇也有很大影響呢?美國(guó)斯坦福大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教授安妮克魯格作了解釋。她在講話中使用了這樣一些詞匯:
1 monetary policy 貨幣政策
2 fiscal policy 財(cái)政政策
3 trade balance 貿(mào)易收支
4 deficit (預(yù)算)赤字