金融英語口語 29.The International
[00:00.00]New Words
[00:00.76]新單詞
[00:01.52]honour n.
[00:02.14]榮幸
[00:02.77]major adj.
[00:03.37]主要的
[00:03.97]stability n.
[00:04.73]穩(wěn)定，穩(wěn)定性
[00:05.49]regulate v.
[00:06.26]調(diào)節(jié)
[00:07.03]surplus n.
[00:07.56]盈余，公積，剩余的
[00:08.10]chronic adj.
[00:08.76]長(zhǎng)期的
[00:09.43]suspend v.
[00:10.29]中止，暫停
[00:11.15]convertibility n.
[00:12.12]可兌換性
[00:13.09]fluctuate v.
[00:13.73]變動(dòng)，波動(dòng)
[00:14.37]restore v.
[00:15.10]恢復(fù)，回復(fù)
[00:15.83]equilibrium n.
[00:16.61]平衡
[00:17.40]flexibility n.
[00:18.19]靈活性
[00:18.99]factor n.
[00:19.72]因素
[00:20.45]appreciation n.
[00:21.33]增值
[00:22.20]cooperation n.
[00:23.00]合作
[00:23.80]Phrases & Expressions
[00:26.07]International Monetary System
[00:27.19]國(guó)際貨幣制度
[00:28.32]exchange-rate fluctuation
[00:29.66]外匯匯率浮動(dòng)
[00:31.01]clean float
[00:31.86]不受限制的匯率浮動(dòng)
[00:32.71]dirty float
[00:33.44]受限制的外匯浮動(dòng)
[00:34.17]Bretton Woods Agreement
[00:35.16]布雷頓森林協(xié)定
[00:36.15]International Monetary Fund
[00:37.25]國(guó)際貨幣基金組織
[00:38.35]Capital export
[00:39.22]資本輸出
[00:40.10]balance of payments deficit
[00:41.27]國(guó)際收支逆差
[00:42.45]bring an end to
[00:43.45]結(jié)束...終止
[00:44.46]Smithsonian Agreement
[00:45.34]史密森協(xié)定
[00:46.21]in accordance with
[00:47.03]按照
[00:47.86]intervene in
[00:48.69]干預(yù)
[00:49.53]parity rate
[00:50.32]比價(jià)
[00:51.12]H:Today it is an honour for me to be invited here and we will have a free talk about the International Monetary System.
[00:54.96]霍：今天我很榮幸地被邀到這里來談?wù)動(dòng)嘘P(guān)國(guó)際貨幣制度.
[00:58.80]Could you ask some questions, please?
[01:00.19]請(qǐng)你們來提一些問題好嗎?
[01:01.57]S1:We have been reading a great deal recently about exchange rate fluctuations,
[01:04.16]學(xué)1：最近，我讀了大量有關(guān)外匯匯率浮動(dòng)，
[01:06.74]clean and dirty floats and so on, but I am not quite sure what the International Monetary System is.
[01:10.75]不受限制的和受限制的匯率浮動(dòng)等等，但是對(duì)于什么是國(guó)際貨幣制度， 我還不十分清楚。
[01:14.76]H:Well, the term International Monetary System actually refers to a series of agreements among the major governments and their central banks to bring order and stability to the international exchange markets.
[01:22.32]霍：噢，“國(guó)際貨幣制度”這一術(shù)語實(shí)際上是為了維護(hù)國(guó)際外匯市場(chǎng)的秩序和穩(wěn)定，一些影響較大的政府和中央銀行之間所簽定的一系列協(xié)定。
[01:29.89]The most important, signed in 1944, is called the Bretton Woods Agreemen
[01:33.17]最為重要的一個(gè)協(xié)定是1944年簽定的布雷頓森林協(xié)
[01:36.44]Then it established the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
[01:39.13]根據(jù)該協(xié)定建立了世界銀行和國(guó)際貨幣基金組織。
[01:41.83]S2:Oh, you mean these agreements regulate international exchange rates?
[01:44.57]學(xué)2:那么,您是說由這些協(xié)定來管理國(guó)際匯率
[01:47.31]H:Yes. They did until 1971.
[01:49.74]霍：是的，直到1971年。
[01:52.17]S3:What happened in 1971 to change this?
[01:53.84]學(xué)3：什么原因在1971年改變了這一點(diǎn)呢?
[01:55.51]H:The surplus of dollars abroad from foreign aid,
[01:58.09]霍：由于外援而造成國(guó)外的美元過剩，
[02:00.66]capital exports and chronic balance of payments deficits forced the U.S. to formally suspend gold convertibility.
[02:04.96]資本的輸出和長(zhǎng)期的國(guó)際收支逆差迫使美國(guó)正式中止了黃金可兌換性，
[02:09.25]This brought an end to the old Bretton Woods System.
[02:11.32]致使舊的布雷頓森林體系宣告結(jié)束。
[02:13.38]S4:Then, was the Smithsonian Agreement signed?
[02:15.60]學(xué)4：然后簽訂了史密森協(xié)定?
[02:17.82]H:You are right. In December 1971.
[02:19.91]霍：是這樣。在1971年12月簽訂的。
[02:22.00]Under this agreement and others the fixed rate exchange system has been changed to a floating exchange rate system in which the values of various currencies fluctuate to restore balance-of-payments equilibrium.
[02:29.26]在這一協(xié)定和其他協(xié)定的指導(dǎo)下，固定的外匯匯率制度轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦?dòng)匯率制度，在這個(gè)制度中，以各種貨幣價(jià)值的波動(dòng)來恢復(fù)國(guó)際收支差額的平衡。
[02:36.53]S4:I see. But I have another question. Are foreign exchange rates free to change according to the laws of supply and demand now?
[02:41.96]學(xué)4：我明白了，但我還有一個(gè)問題?，F(xiàn)在外匯匯率是按照供需規(guī)律自由地變化嗎?
[02:47.39]H:Not quite. In fact, we now have another system, a dirty float system.
[02:50.24]霍：也不完全這樣。實(shí)際上，我們現(xiàn)在建立了另一個(gè)制度，受限制的匯率浮動(dòng)的制度。
[02:53.09]You know there is a lot of flexibility in exchange rates in accordance with balance of payment factors,
[02:56.31]你們知道按照國(guó)際收支差額因素，匯率有很大程度的靈活性，
[02:59.54]central banks still intervene in the market by buying or selling large amounts of foreign currencies to prevent wide ranging fluctuations.
[03:04.49]中央銀行仍然使用買進(jìn)或賣出大量外幣的辦法來防止大幅度的外匯浮動(dòng)，以此來干預(yù)外匯市場(chǎng)。
[03:09.44]S5:A clean float would be better, wouldn't it?
[03:10.98]學(xué)5：不受限制的匯率浮動(dòng)更好些，是嗎?
[03:12.52]H:I think, a clean float means that the parity rate of various currencies would go up or go down to restore balance-of-payments equilibrium.
[03:17.21]霍：我想，不受限制的匯率浮動(dòng)意味著各種貨幣的比價(jià)能以漲價(jià)或跌價(jià)來恢復(fù)國(guó)際收支差額的平衡。
[03:21.90]Therefore, a country's international trade position could be affected by an appreciation of its currenc
[03:25.79]因此,一個(gè)國(guó)家的外貿(mào)地位因?yàn)樗呢泿诺脑鲋刀艿接?/p>
[03:29.68]That's why it takes a great deal of international cooperation to make the present system work.
[03:33.37]這就是為什么需要大量國(guó)際間協(xié)作才會(huì)使得這個(gè)現(xiàn)行制度發(fā)揮作用。
[03:37.05]S:Thank you for your talk.
[03:38.32]學(xué)：謝謝您的報(bào)告。
